“…Previous literature indicated three pillars that underpin OT: integrity, which reflects employees' belief that the organization adheres to ethical principles and acts justly, considering the needs of all stakeholders (Vanhala et al, 2016); dependability which is the belief that the organization will honor its promises and commitments (Connelly et al, 2018); and competence, which refers to the confidence employees have in the organization's skills, resources, and leadership to deliver on its promises and navigate challenges successfully (Lee and Li, 2021). Previous studies highlighted the interplay of various factors in cultivating OT, such as leadership style, employee empowerment, internal marketing, organizational structure, organizational culture, and perception of organizational justice (e.g., Kesen et al, 2017;Alshaabani et al, 2020;Berraies et al, 2021;Khairy et al, 2023b;Shuhua and Kanokporn, 2023).…”