The effects of intraruminal infusions of acetic, propionic and butyric acids on the yield and composition of the milk of the cow

Rook, J. A. F.; Balch, C. C.

doi:10.1079/bjn19610046

Cited by 139 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Milk fat concentration in the present study was, however, high across all dietary treatments, (mean of 49.7 g/kg) which may be attributed to the late stage of lactation of the cows and to the reduced sensitivity of milk fat synthesis to dietary changes. In the present study, milk protein concentration increased in cows when offered the higher starch concentrate, an effect that may be attributed to a more propionate-based rumen fermentation (Rook and Balch, 1961). Cattle offered maize silage-based diets were more efficient in terms of N utilization for milk production compared with those offered grass silage.…”

Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 42%

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Hart

Huntington

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

Animal

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It is well-established that altering the proportion of starch and fibre in ruminant diets can alter ruminal and post-ruminal digestion, although quantitative evidence that this reduces enteric methane (CH 4 ) production in dairy cattle is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of varying grass-to-maize silage ratio (70 : 30 and 30 : 70 DM basis), offered ad libitum, with either a concentrate that was high in starch or fibre, on CH 4 production, intake, performance and milk composition of dairy cows. A total of 20 cows were allocated to one of the four experimental diets in a two-by-two factorial design run as a Latin square with each period lasting 28 days. Measurements were conducted during the final 7 days of each period. Cows offered the high maize silage ration had a higher dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk energy output and lower CH 4 emissions when expressed per kg DMI and per unit of ingested gross energy, but there was no difference in total CH 4 production. Several of the milk long-chain fatty acids (FA) were affected by forage treatment with the most notable being an increase in 18:0, 18:1 c9, 18:2 c9 c12 and total mono unsaturated FA, observed in cows offered the higher inclusion of maize silage, and an increase in 18:3 c9 c12 c15 when offered the higher grass silage ration. Varying the composition of the concentrate had no effect on DMI or milk production; however, when the high-starch concentrate was fed, milk protein concentration and milk FAs, 10:0, 14:1, 15:0, 16:1, increased and 18:0 decreased. Interactions were observed for milk fat concentration, being lower in cows offered high-grass silage and high-fibre concentrates compared with the high-starch concentrate, and FA 17:0, which was the highest in milk from cows fed the high-grass silage diet supplemented with the high-starch concentrate. In conclusion, increasing the proportion of maize silage in the diets of dairy cows increased intake and performance, and reduced CH 4 production, but only when expressed on a DM or energy intake basis, whereas starch-to-fibre ratio in the concentrate had little effect on performance or CH 4 production.Keywords: methane, dairy cows, forage, SF 6 tracer ImplicationsMethane production by ruminants is becoming an increasing concern due to its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary strategies to reduce methane production in terms of supplying dietary supplements can result in pollution swapping, and are therefore not desirable. Researchers examine the effect of changing the ratio of grass and maize silage in addition to changing the amount of starch and fibre in the concentrate. The results obtained are related to national greenhouse gas inventories and potential effects of cropping systems on greenhouse gas emissions along with animal performance. IntroductionGlobally, agriculture, forestry and land use change account for 56% of non CO 2 anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with methane (CH 4 ) from enteric fermentation accounting for 36% of this (Smith et al., 2014...

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Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 42%

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Hart

Huntington

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…Ces effets ont des répercussions sur l'ingestion et la digestion (Journet et Remond, 1981) (Sutton, 1976 ;Jarrige et al, 1978 Clark, 1975 Faichney, 1975 (Prugnaud et Pion, 1976 (Rulquin, 1981 (Rook et Balch, 1961 ;Balch et al, 1967 (Sutton, 1976). Cette différence provient sans doute du fait que le niveau d'ingestion a été relativement modéré dans notre essai.…”

Section: )unclassified

“…D'après les diminutions des teneurs du jus de rumen en ammoniaque et en acides gras volatils mineurs, cette accéléra-tion a semble-t-il réduit la dégradation des protéines dans le rumen. Des résultats similaires ont été obtenus sur des moutons ingérant des quantités importantes de sel (Harrison et al, 1975 (Rook et Balch, 1961 ;Rook, Balch et Johnson, 1965 ;Holter et al, 19721. Des réponses positives de la production laitière n'ont été enregistrées qu'avec des rations fortement déficitaires en énergie (Wilson, Davey et Dolby, 1967 ;Guessous, Fehr et Delage, 1974).…”

Section: )unclassified

Effets sur la digestion et le métabolisme des vaches laitières d'infusions d'acides gras volatils dans le rumen et de caséinate dans le duodénum. I. — Production et digestion

Rulquin¹,

Fléchet²,

Lefaivre³

et al. 1982

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Effects of ruminal infusion of volatile fatty acids and duodenal infusion of caseinate on digestion and metabolism in the dairy cow. l. -Production and digestion.The effects on the metabolism of dairy cows of two energy levels (85 and 110 p. 100 of requirements) in factorial combination with two nitrogen levels (70 and 100 p. 100 of requirements) were studied in a 4 x 4 latin square by the responses of milk constituent secretion and mammary nutrient uptake.

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“…Decreased /3-hydroxybutvrate Rook and Balch (1961) observed that increased propionate production decreased the circulating ketone bodies, particularly -hydroxybutyrate, which is another change associated with a fat depressing diet. ^-hydroxybutyrate is a known precursor of short chain fatty acids in milk fat (Luick, I960;Barry, 1964).…”

Section: Physiological Changes Related To Depressed Fat Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storry and Rook (1966) observed that fall and recovery of milk fat production on alternate fat depressing and normal diets closely followed the concentra tion of /^-hydroxybutyrate in circulating blood. Rook and Balch (1961) Shaw and Knodt (1941) suggest that it could be used as an energy source by the mammary gland. Krebs (1961) observed that /3-hydroxybutyrate is used by body cells as fuel for respiration.…”

Section: Physiological Changes Related To Depressed Fat Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-grain diets and 1,3-butanediol on production of milk fat and protein in cows

Hess

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The effects of intraruminal infusions of acetic, propionic and butyric acids on the yield and composition of the milk of the cow

Cited by 139 publications

References 13 publications

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Effets sur la digestion et le métabolisme des vaches laitières d'infusions d'acides gras volatils dans le rumen et de caséinate dans le duodénum. I. — Production et digestion

Effects of high-grain diets and 1,3-butanediol on production of milk fat and protein in cows

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