The effects of intratracheally administered coarse mode particles on respiratory tract infection in mice

Aranyi, Catherine; Graf, J.; O’Shea, William J.; Graham, Judith A.; Miller, Frederick J.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90263-1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[29][30][31] For examples, exposure of already infected mice to inhaled environmental particulate matter (PM 10 ) worsened both local infection and altered local pulmonary and systemic immunity. 31 Because exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are usually driven by airway infections, our data suggest that 1 link between PM exposure and exacerbations of these conditions could be caused by a relative immune suppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient particulate matter directs nonclassic dendritic cell activation and a mixed TH1/TH2-like cytokine response by naive CD4+ T cells

Williams

Porter

Horton

et al. 2007

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient particulate matter directs nonclassic dendritic cell activation and a mixed TH1/TH2-like cytokine response by naive CD4+ T cells

Williams

Porter

Horton

et al. 2007

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…Others have suggested that PM may be immunosuppressive from studies in animal models (32)(33)(34). In one such study, exposure of already infected mice to inhaled airborne environmental particulate matter (PM 10 ) both worsened the local infection and altered local pulmonary and systemic immunity (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel-Enriched Particulate Matter Functionally Activates Human Dendritic Cells

Porter¹,

Karp²,

Killedar³

et al. 2007

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

101

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Epidemiologic studies have associated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with exacerbations of asthma. It is unknown how different sources of PM affect innate immunity. We sought to determine how car- and diesel exhaust-derived PM affects dendritic cell (DC) activation. DC development was modeled using CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. Airborne PM was collected from exhaust plenums of Fort McHenry Tunnel providing car-enriched particles (CEP) and diesel-enriched particles (DEP). DC were stimulated for 48 hours with CEP, DEP, CD40-ligand, or lipopolysaccharide. DC activation was assessed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and standard culture techniques. DEP increased uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (a model antigen) by DC. Diesel particles enhanced cell-surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40 [P < 0.01] and MHC class II [P < 0.01]). By contrast, CEP poorly affected antigen uptake and expression of cell surface molecules, and did not greatly affect cytokine secretion by DC. However, DEP increased production of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-gamma (P < 0.01), IL-12 (P < 0.05), and vascular endothelial growth factor (P < 0.001). In co-stimulation assays of PM-exposed DC and alloreactive CD4+ T cells, both CEP and DEP directed a Th2-like pattern of cytokine production (e.g., enhanced IL-13 and IL-18 and suppressed IFN-gamma production). CD4+ T cells were not functionally activated on exposure to either DEP or CEP. Car- and diesel-enriched particles exert a differential effect on DC activation. Our data support the hypothesis that DEP (and to a lesser extent CEP) regulate important functional aspects of human DC, supporting an adjuvant role for this material.

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“…32 An experimental study showed that exposure to coarse particles significantly exacerbated pulmonary infection in mice. 33 Particulate matter is likely immunosuppressive and may undermine normal pulmonary antimicrobial defense mechanisms. 34 Additional studies are needed to explore the potential mechanisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospitalization for Respiratory Infections in Children Younger Than 15 Years in Toronto: A Case-Crossover Analysis

2005

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between ambient air pollution and hospitalization for respiratory infections among children who were younger than 15 years in Toronto during a 4-year period (1998 -2001).Methods. Exposures averaged during periods that varied from 1 to 7 days were used to assess the effects of air pollutants, including thoracic particulate matter (PM 10 ), fine (PM 2.5 ) and coarse (PM 10 -2.5 ) particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ), on hospitalization for respiratory infections. A case-crossover design was used to calculate odds ratios for the hospitalization adjusted for daily weather conditions with an incremented exposure corresponding to the interquartile range in air pollution exposures.Results. When particulate matter and gaseous pollutants were mutually taken into account, the effect remained pronounced for PM 10 -2.5 in both boys and girls. The adjusted odds ratio for 6-day average exposure to PM 10 -2.5 with an increment of 6.5 g/m 3 was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.30) for boys and 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.36) for girls. The effect also remained for PM 10 in boys and for NO 2 in girls. PM 2.5 , CO, SO 2 , and O 3 showed no significant effects on hospitalization for respiratory infection in both genders when other pollutants were taken into consideration.Conclusion. Our study suggested a detrimental effect of relatively low levels of ambient particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, especially coarse particulate matter and NO 2 , on hospitalization for respiratory infections in children. Pediatrics 2005;116:e235-e240. URL: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2004-2012; air pollution, coarse particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, hospitalization for respiratory infection, case-crossover analysis, risk assessment.ABBREVIATIONS. CO, carbon monoxide; SO 2 , sulfur dioxide; NO 2 , nitrogen dioxide; O 3 , ozone; PM 10 , thoracic particulate matter Ͻ10 m in aerodynamic diameter; PM 2.5 , fine particulate matter Ͻ2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter; TEOM, tapered element oscillating microbalance; PM 10 -2.5 , coarse particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 m in aerodynamic diameter; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; TSP, total suspended particles. L ower respiratory infection is a main cause of mortality and morbidity in children in developing countries. Morbidity from childhood respiratory infections is also high in developed countries. 1 Although respiratory infections in children are usually nonfatal in developed countries, they heavily burden the health care systems. 2 Additional progress in preventing the diseases will have a significant impact on children's health. 1 Although there is abundant evidence linking outdoor air pollution with respiratory symptoms, reduced lung function, bronchial reactivity, and asthma, the relationship of hospital morbidity for respiratory infections to a relatively low level of exposure to air pollution in children has...

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The effects of intratracheally administered coarse mode particles on respiratory tract infection in mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Ambient particulate matter directs nonclassic dendritic cell activation and a mixed TH1/TH2-like cytokine response by naive CD4+ T cells

Ambient particulate matter directs nonclassic dendritic cell activation and a mixed TH1/TH2-like cytokine response by naive CD4+ T cells

Diesel-Enriched Particulate Matter Functionally Activates Human Dendritic Cells

Coarse Particulate Matter and Hospitalization for Respiratory Infections in Children Younger Than 15 Years in Toronto: A Case-Crossover Analysis

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