The Effects of Ionising and Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation on Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Abstract

Exposure to sub-lethal doses of ionising and non-ionising electromagnetic radiation can impact human health and well-being as a consequence of, for example, the side effects of radiotherapy (therapeutic X-ray exposure) and accelerated skin ageing (chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation: UVR). Whilst attention has focused primarily on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with cells and cellular components, radiation-induced damage to long-lived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins has the potential to profoundly affect tissue structure, composition and function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the biological effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation on the ECM of breast stroma and skin dermis, respectively. Although there is some experimental evidence for radiation-induced damage to ECM proteins, compared with the well-characterised impact of radiation exposure on cell biology, the structural, functional, and ultimately clinical consequences of ECM irradiation remain poorly defined.

Radiation induced therapeutic effects in cancerous and tumor cells: A review

“…UV-B radiation affects amylase, protease, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activity in UV-B treated fish. T GOT and GPT values were significantly higher in fish exposed for 15 minutes 112 occurs and functions more frequently than radiation-induced damage to Thus, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation affect her ECM of the breast stroma and skin dermis 113 Bone Marrow injuries (Table 3). 114 Induction of this residual BM damage results in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence.…”

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Biopolymers for Applications as Biomaterials

“…Ionizing radiation is classified into two categories, particle rays and electromagnetic waves [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The particle rays include several types as shown in Fig.…”

“…Figure 3 shows the general principle in radiation chemistry. Most of them are initiated by radical formation followed by subsequent chemical reactions [25,43]. Biological components of living organisms, including biopolymers discussed in this review, are usually in aqueous solution.…”

“…3A). A hydroxyl radical is formed also by nonionizing radiation like UV light by the photodynamic reaction of aromatic amino acids [25,46,47].…”

“…However, the irradiation by strong rays can provoke chemical reactions, such as crosslinking and scission of the polymer chain, resulting from the change in the properties of the biopolymers. γ-rays from either cobalt 60 ( 60 Co) or cesium 137 ( 137 Cs) ray source are often used [25,34]. Electron beams are usually generated with an accelerator machine.…”