The effects of ionizing radiation on mammalian cells

Biaglow, John E.

doi:10.1021/ed058p144

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Exposure to ionizing radiation can damage DNA [3,6,7,54,55], and the continued replication of unrepaired and defective DNA can result in cellular death [55].…”

Section: Increases In Cellular Density Decrease Cellular Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-third of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and radiation therapy remains a preferred strategy for targeting tumor cells because these cells are known to possess compromised DNA repair machinery, and often proliferate at higher rates than normal cells [3][4][5]. The mechanism by which cells die from radiation therapy is believed to result from damage to DNA; ionizing radiation can damage DNA directly by inducing singleor double-strand breaks, or indirectly by generating free radicals that subsequently react with DNA [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. While the ultimate goal of radiation therapy is cell death, cells can respond to ionizing radiation in three ways: (i) repairing the damage directly; (ii) undergoing cell cycle-arrest, which can lead to irreversible arrest (called senescence); or (iii) inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis) [9,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic response of lung cancer cells to radiation in a paper-based 3D cell culture system

et al. 2016

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(100-200 word limit)This work demonstrates the application of a 3D culture system, which is known as Cells-in-Gels-in-Paper or CiGiP, in evaluating the response of lung cancer cells to ionizing radiation. This system has four attributes: (i) multiple layers of paper, containing cell-embedded hydrogels, are assembled into a stack to form a thick (~800 µm) tissue-like construct, (ii) the metabolism of the cells, coupled with the boundary conditions imposed by an impermeable holder, generate a gradient of oxygen and nutrients that decreases monotonically in the stack, (iii) the construct has no peripheral components (e.g., pumps, tubing), that fits easily in an irradiator, and (iv) the construct can be disassembled into individual layers, allowing for the quantification of cellular phenotypes based on their position within the stack. With increased distance from the source of oxygenated media, cells show increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor, decreased proliferation, and reduced sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The multi-layer culture setup for CiGiP also distinguished differences in the radiosensitivity of three isogenic variants of A549 cancer cells, which have known differences in their metastatic behavior in vivo. The CiGiP system can, therefore, capture aspects of radiosensitivity of populations of cancer cells related to mass-transport phenomenon inaccessible in traditional culture systems.

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“…Exposure to ionizing radiation can damage DNA [3,6,7,54,55], and the continued replication of unrepaired and defective DNA can result in cellular death [55].…”

Section: Increases In Cellular Density Decrease Cellular Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic response of lung cancer cells to radiation in a paper-based 3D cell culture system

et al. 2016

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“…The theory of radiation carcinogenesis is related to the two components of damage, direct damage and indirect damage (Biaglow, 1981). Double strand breaks (DSBs) and cluster damage are considered to be the main culprits behind carcinogenesis; therefore, at the present, radiation biologists have continually emphasized that ROS are not the main culprit of mutagenesis because they produce many magnitudes more single strand breaks (SSBs) than they do double strand breaks.…”

Section: Theories Of Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiation theory of carcinogenesis fails to explain why some non-dividing cells, such as lymphocytes, apoptose after relatively limited radiation exposure while the proliferative cells of the liver appear relatively unaltered and continue to function (Biaglow, 1981). Aldehyde dehydrogenase is one important piece of evidence that contradicts the theory of radiation carcinogenesis in terms of direct interactions.…”

Section: Reactive Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial influences on hormesis, oncogenesis, and therapy: A review of the literature

Clanton

Saucier

Ford

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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“…Another mechanism that has been proposed is the repair by hydrogen donation. If a R-H molecule is converted into a radical R by exposure to radiation, the antioxidant plant extract or compound can donate a hydrogen atom to this radical, restoring it to its original state (Biaglow, 1987), which is not vulnerable to the vital components of our bodily system. In addition, the mechanism of the formation of mixed sulphides suggests aminothiols, which involves radioprotector binding to cellular components.…”

Section: Radioprotection Mechanisms By Plant Extract or Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Anti-irradiation Approach

Lachumy¹,

Oon²,

Deivanai³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Plants play important roles in human life not only as suppliers of oxygen but also as a fundamental resource to sustain the human race on this earthly plane. Plants also play a major role in our nutrition by converting energy from the sun during photosynthesis. In addition, plants have been used extensively in traditional medicine since time immemorial. Information in the biomedical literature has indicated that many natural herbs have been investigated for their efficacy against lethal irradiation. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that natural herbs possess significant radioprotective activity. In view of the immense medicinal importance of natural product based radioprotective agents, this review aims at compiling all currently available information on radioprotective agents from medicinal plants and herbs, especially the evaluation methods and mechanisms of action. In this review we particularly emphasize on ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry, mechanisms of action and toxicology. We also describe modern techniques for evaluating herbal samples as radioprotective agents. The usage of herbal remedies for combating lethal irradiation is a green antiirradiation approach for the betterment of human beings without high cost, side effects and toxicity.

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The effects of ionizing radiation on mammalian cells

Abstract: In this review, the author is concerned with the effects of radiation on dividing cells and the factors that influence it.

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Metabolic response of lung cancer cells to radiation in a paper-based 3D cell culture system

Metabolic response of lung cancer cells to radiation in a paper-based 3D cell culture system

Microbial influences on hormesis, oncogenesis, and therapy: A review of the literature

Herbal Remedies for Combating Irradiation: a Green Anti-irradiation Approach

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