The Effects of Irisin on L-Name Induced Hypertension in Rats

Abstract

Background: The cause of about 95% of hypertension, an important public health problem, is unknown. Intensive studies are underway to understand the physiopathology of hypertension. Irisin, a newly discovered hormone, has been reported to dilate vascular smooth muscle and lower blood pressure acutely. Aims: To investigate the effects of chronic irisin treatment on blood pressure and renal functions in a hypertension model established by nitric oxide synthase inhibition by treatment with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Male Sprague−Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8). Control and irisin groups received an intravenous saline injection, hypertension and hypertension + irisin (hypertension + irisin) groups received 1.5 mg/100 g Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (150 mg/L) was added to the drinking water of rats in groups hypertension and hypertension + irisin for three weeks. In the second week of the experiment, irisin (50 nmol/day) was given to rats in groups irisin and hypertension + irisin, and saline was administered to rats in groups control and hypertension for two weeks through subcutaneously placed osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff plethysmography method. On the twenty-first day of the experiment, 24-hour urine, blood, and both kidneys of the rats were collected. Results: The hypertension group had elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values compared with the control group, with decreased glutathione levels in tissue and serum, but an increase in serum oxidized glutathione level (p<0.05). Histopathologically, increased tubular injury, cast formation, glomerular sclerosis, and peritubular fibrosis levels were observed (p<0.05). Irisin treatment did not cause any significant change in blood pressure, renal functions, and injury scores. However, renal nitric oxide levels significantly increased, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was determined to be reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with chronic irisin at a physiological dose does not reduce blood pressure in an experimental model of hypertension. In different models of experimental hypertension, the effects of irisin administration at different doses and at different periods should be thoroughly investigated.

Irisin Protects Against Motor Dysfunction of Rats with Spinal Cord Injury via Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase-Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway

“…Reports spanning various countries demonstrated that SCI has become a common disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide ( Noonan et al, 2012 ; Smith et al, 2010–2015 ; Saberi et al, 2016 ). Though great efforts have been made to seek effective treatment method for SCI ( Ma et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ), no optimal therapeutic strategy has been achieved yet. Thus, continuing efforts of exploring effective and safe drug to treat SCI are needed.…”

Moringa oleifera: a valuable insight into recent advances in medicinal uses and pharmacological activities

“…Furthermore, when methoxamine was used to induce the contraction of arterial beds of the rats, M. oleifera produced relaxation. This action was also dose dependent 85 . Acetylcholine‐mediated impairment was relaxed and hyperactivity due to adrenergic‐induced constriction was decreased by M. oleifera extracts.…”

“…This action was also dose dependent. 85 Acetylcholine-mediated impairment was relaxed and hyperactivity due to adrenergic-induced constriction was decreased by M. oleifera extracts. From these findings, Aekthammarat et al 83 concluded that M. oleifera demonstrates antihypertensive activity through decreasing vascular impairment and oxidative stress, thereby enhancing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.…”

The emerging roles of irisin in vascular calcification

“…Most of the above evidence suggests that irisin has a protective effect against hypertension. However, in Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced models of hypertension, chronic irisin treatment with physiological doses did not reduce blood pressure (37). An observational study has also shown that irisin levels are positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and could serve as an independent predictor of hypertension.…”