The effects of iron supplementation during pregnancy, given by traditional birth attendants, on the prevalence of anaemia and malaria

Menéndez, Clara; Todd, Jim; Alonso, Pedro L.; Francis, Nicholas; Lulat, S.; Ceesay, S. M.; M'Boge, B.; Greenwood, Brian

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90176-7

Cited by 127 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…41,42 Iron supplementation during pregnancy is therefore generally recommended and has been shown to increase the haemos s globin level and PCV in the mother's blood postsdelivery and to increase the mean birth weight of infants. 43 Maternal anaemia was not prevented in our study and this may relate to poor adherence to treatment with iron supplements or failure to control malaria adequately because of chloroquine resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Watson-Jones

Weiss

Changalucha

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

130

121

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Objective To determine risk factors for poor birth outcome and their population attributable fractions. Methods 1688 women who attended for antenatal care were recruited into a prospective study of the effectiveness of syphilis screening and treatment. All women were screened and treated for syphilis and other reproductive tract infections (RTIs) during pregnancy and followed to delivery to measure the incidence of stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm live birth. Findings At delivery, 2.7% of 1536 women experienced a stillbirth, 12% of live births were preterm and 8% were LBW. Stillbirth was independently associated with a past history of stillbirth, short maternal stature and anaemia. LBW was associated with short maternal stature, ethnicity, occupation, gravidity and maternal malaria whereas preterm birth was associated with occupation, age of sexual debut, untreated bacterial vaginosis and maternal malaria. IUGR was associated with gravidity, maternal malaria, short stature, and delivering a female infant. In the women who had been screened and treated for syphilis, in between 20 and 34% of women with each outcome was estimated to be attributable to malaria, and 63% of stillbirths were estimated as being attributable to maternal anaemia. Screening and treatment of RTIs was effective and no association was seen between treated RTIs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Maternal malaria and anaemia continue to be significant causes of adverse pregnancy outcome in sub-Saharan Africa. Providing reproductive health services that include treatment of RTIs and prevention of malaria and maternal anaemia to reduce adverse birth outcomes remains a priority. Voir page 16 le résumé en français. En la página 16 figura un resumen en español.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Watson-Jones

Weiss

Changalucha

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

130

121

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“…There are insufficient data from developing countries to draw conclusions; the few RCTs are inconclusive because of small sample size, problems with compliance, and large losses to follow-up. Small trials in The Gambia, Nigeria, and India showed no significant effects on birth weight, 140,[153][154][155] although 1 large trial in Niger showed a significant increase in birth length and Apgar scores and a reduction in PMR. 156 There are several other reports of iron therapy in pregnancy from developing countries that are relatively less stringent in their inclusion and exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Iron Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Background. Infant and under-5 childhood mortality rates in developing countries have declined significantly in the past 2 to 3 decades. However, 2 critical indicators, maternal and newborn mortality, have hardly changed. World leaders at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 agreed on a critical goal to reduce deaths of children <5 years by two thirds, but this may be unattainable without halving newborn deaths, which now comprise 40% of all under-5 deaths. Greater emphasis on wide-scale implementation of proven, cost-effective measures is required to save women's and newborns' lives. Approximately 99% of neonatal deaths take place in developing countries, mostly in homes and communities. A comprehensive review of the evidence base for impact of interventions on neonatal health and survival in developingcountry communities has not been reported.Objective. This review of community-based antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal intervention trials in developing countries aimed to identify (1) key behaviors and interventions for which the weight of evidence is sufficient to recommend their inclusion in communitybased neonatal care programs and (2) key gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research and program learning.Methods. Available published and unpublished data on the impact of community-based strategies and interventions on perinatal and neonatal health status outcomes were reviewed. Evidence was summarized systematically and categorized into 4 levels of evidence based on study size, location, design, and reported impact, particularly on perinatal or neonatal mortality. The evidence was placed in the context of biological plausibility of the intervention; evidence from relevant developed-country studies; health care program experience in implementation; and recommendations from the World Health Organization and other leading agencies.Results. A paucity of community-based data was found from developing-country studies on health status impact for many interventions currently being considered for inclusion in neonatal health programs. However, review of the evidence and consideration of the broader context of knowledge, experience, and recommendations regarding these interventions enabled us to categorize them according to the strength of the evidence base and confidence regarding their inclusion now in programs. This article identifies a package of priority interventions to include in programs and formulates research priorities for advancing the state of the art in neonatal health care.Conclusions. This review emphasizes some new findings while recommending an integrated approach to safe motherhood and newborn health. The results of this study provide a foundation for policies and programs related to maternal and newborn health and emphasizes the importance of health systems research and evaluation of interventions. The review offers compelling support for using research to identify the most effective measures to save newborn lives. It also may facilitate dialogue with policy...

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“…Thus, maternal iron stores are associated with earlier development of anemia during infancy, frequently around 4 months of age. 7,8 Published local surveys assessing the prevalence of anemia in children less than 12 years of age in Mexico were recently reviewed. 9 In this review the highest prevalence of anemia was found in children under 3 years of age, living in Mexico City (42.7 % for anemia, and 57% for iron deficiency), 10 and in children of low socioeconomic status aged 18 to 36 months, living in rural areas of the center plateau of Mexico (70% for anemia and 48% for iron deficiency).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anemia in children 1 to 12 years of age: results from a nationwide probabilistic survey in Mexico

Villalpando¹,

Shamah‐Levy²,

Ramírez-Silva³

et al. 2003

Salud pública Méx

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. Material and Methods. The sample included 8 111 children aged 1 to 12 years, and was nationaly representative by rural and urban strata and by four geographical regions. Capillary hemoglobin was measured using a portable photometer (HemoCue). The analysis of the determining factors of anemia was performed by odds ratios derived from a logistic regression model and multiple regression models. Results. The prevalence of anemia was 50% in infants <2 years of age, with no significant differences between urban and rural strata or among regions. It varied between 14 and 22% in 6-11 year-old children and was higher in the South region and among the indigenous children. Dietary intake of iron was 50% of the recommended daily allowance in children <2 years of age, but not in older children. Phytate (≈500-800 mg/d) and tannin (≈19 mg/d) intakes were very high in children over 7 years of age. Hemoglobin was positively associated with nutritional status of children (p=0.01), socioeconomic status (p range 0.05-0.001), duration of lactation in children under 2 years of age (p=0.1), and iron and calcium intake (p=0.02), but not with folic acid or vitamin B12 intake. Hemoglobin was negatively associated with maternal education (p=0.01) in older children, but not in those under 2 years of age. Conclusions. We present evidence of an alarming national epidemic of anemia, particularly marked

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The effects of iron supplementation during pregnancy, given by traditional birth attendants, on the prevalence of anaemia and malaria

Cited by 127 publications

References 13 publications

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Community-Based Interventions for Improving Perinatal and Neonatal Health Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence

Prevalence of anemia in children 1 to 12 years of age: results from a nationwide probabilistic survey in Mexico

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