The effects of ITI fillers in autoshaping

Reilly, Steve; Schachtman, Todd R.

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(87)90011-7

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In general, the results of the present investigation showed no systematic decline in pref-erence during the search-choice phase (initial links) as a function of the duration of the prechoice period, consistent with local-contextual views of both DRT and rate maximization. Although evidence from the autoshaping and delayed matching-to-sample literature (Gibbon & Balsam, 1981;Miller & Schactman, 1985;Reilly & Schactman, 1987) suggests that the duration of a response-independent ITI may serve as an important variable that influences both the rate and probability of conditioning, the present results indicate that prechoice delays may not influence choice. In short, a local-contextual view of rate maximization, which defines the foraging cycle as beginning with the search state and proceeding through the states of handling and consumption, appears to be adequate.…”

Section: G6contrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Experimental Evidence Although the role of prechoice events in either DRT or OFIT has yet to be addressed, investigations within the classical conditioning literature have focused on a similar question regarding intertrial interval (ITI) effects on performance in conditioning experiments. Perhaps the most thorough investigations of ITI effects on performance have focused on the respondent conditioning paradigm of autoshaping (Gibbon, Baldock, Locurto, Gold, & Terrace, 1977;Gibbon & Balsam, 1981;Reilly & Schactman, 1987).…”

Section: Oft and The Foraging Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquisition of the autoshaped key-pecking response is usually facilitated with longer ITI periods (for a review, see Cooper, 1991). This relatively molar account of respondent conditioning is expressed in several formalized models, such as scalar expectancy theory (Gibbon & Balsam, 1981) and other comparator models (Miller & Schactman, 1985;Reilly & Schactman, 1987).…”

Section: Oft and The Foraging Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response‐dependent Prechoice Effects on Foraging‐related Choice

Williams¹,

Fantino²

1996

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Three experiments explored the influence of prechoice events on pigeons' preference. In two of three studies, a fixed-interval 200-second prechoice period preceded the initial links of a concurrent chain in which outcomes differed either (a) in terms of the delay to food or (b) in terms of amount of food and delay to food. In Experiment 3, the prechoice period preceded the initial links that provided a choice between a small single food presentation and two identical, more delayed food presentations. In all three cases, obtained choice proportions did not vary as a function of prechoice duration. These results suggest that a local-contextual view adequately describes the foraging context; they also have implications for the appropriate formulation of the delay-reduction theory of conditioned reinforcement and rate-maximizing views of optimal foraging theory.

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Section: G6contrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Oft and The Foraging Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oft and The Foraging Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response‐dependent Prechoice Effects on Foraging‐related Choice

Williams¹,

Fantino²

1996

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Kasprow et al (1987) have expanded on this idea by suggesting that the recognition of punctate stimuli as potential contributors to the comparator term is a feature distinguishing the Miller-Schachtman model from similar performance theories such as the Gibbon-Balsam model. Reilly and Schachtman (1987) have further argued that stimuli which precede and overlap the CS may be ideally suited to serve as local contexts used in the computation of CS performance. Rescorla (1981), however, reported results opposite to those predicted by a local context comparator view in a blocking experiment in autoshaping similar to the one reported below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of context in performance on a random schedule in autoshaping.

Robbins¹

1988

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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“…The birds were trained in one of four identical, nonilluminated pigeon chambers (for details , see Reilly & Schachtman, 1987). The center key could be illuminated from behind with an orange light (Stimulus 0) or a white diamond on a dark background (Stimulus D).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation in autoshaped responding produced by US reactivation treatment following extinction

Reilly

Schachtman

1988

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Two experiments examined the effects of US priming/reinstatement treatments on pigeons' responding to a partially extinguished CS. In Experiment 1, the subjects were given autoshaping to a keylight paired with food, and then responding to the keylight was partially extinguished. The subjects were subsequently given four presentations of food, that is, US priming/reinstatement treatment, approximately 30 min prior to testing with the CS. In contrast to previous reports that have demonstrated a reinstatement-induced facilitation of performance in rats, the present results yielded an attenuation in conditioned responding following the US reinstatement treatment relative to responding by a control group that did not receive the reinstatement presentations. In Experiment 2 we sought to distinguish between a priming account and some of the alternative interpretations of the results of Experiment 1. The subjects were given autoshaping with two separately trained keylights, and then responding to the target CS was partially extinguished. Consistent with a priming interpretation of the previous finding, nonreinforced presentations of the nonextinguished keylight approximately 30 min prior to testing with the extinguished CS attenuated conditioned responding.Presentations of the unconditioned stimulus (US) following extinction of a CS-US association and prior to testing the conditioned stimulus (CS) have been shown to facilitate conditioned responding in such preparations as conditioned suppression (e.g., Bouton & Bolles, 1979;Rescorla, 1973) and conditioned taste aversion (Schachtman, Brown, & Miller , 1985). This procedure is often referred to as the US reinstatement procedure.Regardless of the theoretical account one adopts for the US reinstatement effects (see , e .g ., Bouton & Bolles, 1979;Rescorla, 1973Rescorla, , 1974 Schachtman et aI., 1985), it is noteworthy that little work has been reported that concerns reinstatement of an extinguished CS-US autoshaped association using pigeons. This is surprising considering the frequent use of pigeons in classical conditioning studies and the import attributed to the autoshaping procedure. The initial aim of the present research was to examine the effects of US reinstatement on appetiti ve associations in pigeons. EXPERIMENT 1In Experiment 1, the pigeons were given autoshaping training and then extinction. The next day, the subject s were given presentations of the US 30 min prior to testing. These US reinstatement presentations may increase the associative strength of the conditioning context and enhance performance through summation of the context-US and CS-US associations (Bouton & Bolles, 1979). Since this effect may obscure the potential for observing a reinstatement effect due to other mechanisms, an attempt was made to limit the influence of associative summation by administering the reinstatement presentations in a radically dissimilar context from that used for training and testing. MethodSubjects. The subjects were 12 adult pigeons (Columba ltvia; maintained at 8...

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The effects of ITI fillers in autoshaping

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Response‐dependent Prechoice Effects on Foraging‐related Choice

Response‐dependent Prechoice Effects on Foraging‐related Choice

Role of context in performance on a random schedule in autoshaping.

Attenuation in autoshaped responding produced by US reactivation treatment following extinction

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