The effects of kaolin, harpin, and imidacloprid on development of Pierce's disease in grape

Effects of Kaolin Particle Film and Imidacloprid on Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis ) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Populations and the Prevention of Spread of Xylella fastidiosa in Grape

“…In the untreated control plants, disease incidence was higher in plants exposed to infectious GWSS for 24 h than for 48 h ( Table 2). The anti-feedant property of imidacloprid may be important in reducing the acquisition of PD bacterium, decreasing the transmission efficiency of infected GWSS, and subsequently, reducing the spread of PD bacterium (Tubajika et al, 2007). This finding is consistent with results obtained by Krewer et al, (2002), who showed that imidacloprid treatment slowed the development of PD in the field but was not effective in preventing the infection of PD in areas with prevalent sources of inoculum and high vector abundance.…”

“…The GWSS mortality was then expressed as percentage. The GWSS mortality (%) was significantly (P < 0.05) impacted by particle film treatment (Tubajika et al, 2007). After 24 hr feeding time, GWSS mortality ranged from 0% (Negative and positive control plants) to 58% (kaolin-treated plants).…”

“…In determining the incidence of PD, the number of plants with symptoms of PD was expressed as percentage of total plant assessed. The treatment of plants with kaolin and imidacloprid, exposure time of plants to the infectious GWSS, and the interaction of treatment by exposure time had an effect on PD incidence (Tubajika et al, 2007). PD incidence was 4%, 7%, and 32% in kaolin-, imidaclopridtreated plants, and in untreated controls, respectively (Table 2).…”

“…The occurrence of insecticide resistance in GWSS depends on the insecticide used and duration of exposure (Tubajika et al, 2007). Therefore, effective insecticide management strategies and their implementation are necessary for the prevention of rapid resistance development.…”

“…The GWSS was caged for 48 h on grape vines that was previously infested by X. fastidiosa (Tubajika et al, 2007). After acquisition, GWSS, in groups www.intechopen.com of 10, were caged for 24 or 48 h in small sleeve cages (45 x 55 cm) containing plants either treated or not treated with kaolin and imidacloprid.…”