The effects of kinetic parameters on combustion characteristics in a sintering bed

Pahlevaninezhad, Majid; Emami, Mohsen Davazdah; Panjepour, Masoud

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.06.003

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The resulting increase in the coke combustion rate will have the effect of decreasing the oxygen content in the flue gas, and more oxygen is consumed with increasing coke ratio, resulting in a reducing atmosphere which promotes NO x reduction by coke combined with CO. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of the N comes from the fuel [17,42]. Therefore, reducing the use of high-nitrogen-containing fuel can significantly decrease NO x emissions.…”

Section: Effect Of Operation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to experimental study, which has large operational costs and is quite time-consuming, numerical simulation is inexpensive for studying practical production and can obtain a more detailed explanation of the parameters concerned [11]. In recent years, most simulation models for sintering have focused on the combustion behavior and heat and mass transfer in the sinter bed [12][13][14][15][16][17]. In order to investigate the NO x formation/reduction behaviors of sintering, the calculation of a series of NO x formation/reduction mechanisms, i.e., the thermal NO x , prompt NO x , and fuel NO x mechanisms, is adopted [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

Zou

2019

Energies

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A transient two-dimensional mathematical model is developed to study the influence of fuel type and operation parameters on combustion and NOx emission during the iron ore sintering process. The model was validated by comparing the model predictions with sintering pot test data. The predictions show reasonable agreement with the averaged values of the test data. In addition to the conventional sintering process, this model can also predict new processes such as flue gas recirculation, gas fuel injection, and fuel layered distribution. The simulation results show that the fuel NOx is the main part of the NOx emission during sintering, and thermal NOx forms a very little part. The produced NOx can be reduced not only by coke but also by CO around coke particles, with reduction proportions of 50% and 10%, respectively. Two types of coke A and B were compared. With Coke A as solid fuel and consumption of 3.8%, the NOx emission was 320 ppm. Increasing the replacement of Coke A with Coke B, the NOx emission was decreased, being decreased by 28.13% to 230 ppm with the replacement proportion of 50%. When only Coke B was used, the NOx emissions could be lowered by 53.13% to 150 ppm. Decreasing the particle size from 1.6 mm to 1.2 mm led the NOx emission to be increased by 10.93% from 320 ppm to 355 ppm. With Coke A as the only solid fuel, increasing the fuel ratio to 4.2% led the NOx emission to be increased by 9.38% to 350 ppm; increasing the oxygen content of inlet air from 21% to 30% led the NOx emission to be increased by 15.00% from 320 ppm to 368 ppm.

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Section: Effect Of Operation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

Zou

2019

Energies

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“…In order to establish a predictive model of carbon efficiency, the combustion mechanism of the coke and carbon flow in the sintering process should be analyzed. The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the combustion of solid fuel in the sintering bed were analyzed, and the combustion of carbon at different temperatures was elucidated in [2,3]. In addition, some experts have analyzed the energy flow and material flow in iron and steel metallurgy to determine the factors that affect CO 2 emissions [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cascade Prediction Model of CO/CO₂in the Sintering Process

Chen

et al. 2017

JACIII

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Sintering is an important production process in iron and steel metallurgy. Carbon fuel consumption accounts for about 80% of the total energy consumption in the sintering process. To enhance the efficiency of carbon fuel consumption, we need to determine the factors affecting carbon efficiency and build a model of it. In this paper, the CO/CO 2 is taken to be a measure of carbon efficiency, and a cascade predictive model is built to predict it. This model has two parts: the key state parameter submodel and the CO/CO 2 submodel. The submodels are built using particle swarm optimization-based back propagation neural networks (PSO-BPNNs). Based on the mechanism analysis, spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) and stepwise regression analysis (SRA) are used to determine the relationship between the process parameters, in order to determine the inputs of each submodel. Finally, the results of a simulation show the feasibility of the cascade model, which will serve as the basic model for the optimization and control of the carbon efficiency of the sintering process.

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“…Chemical reactions were classified into gas-phase reactions and solid-phase reactions, which implies that the heat released or absorbed by gasphase reactions only affect gas temperature, and so does the solid-phase to solid temperature. 14) 2.2. Sub-models 2.2.1.…”

Section: Conservation Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Eq. (14), profile of calculated melt fraction f m in the sintering bed can be calculated as shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Molten Zone and Melt Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Iron Ore Sintering Process with Consideration of Granule Growth

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2018

ISIJ International

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Granule growth is an important process for iron ore sintering process. Variation of granule size has a great influence on the quality of sinter and productivity of the process. In this study, a model of granule growth was proposed based on two dimensional homogeneous sphere packing theory. The sintering process was simulated by an unsteady two-dimensional mathematical model which incorporates most of the significant physical phenomena and chemical reactions. Numerical simulation was carried out by FLUENT software and C language programming via developing custom code. Sinter pot tests were performed and experimental data reasonably agreed with the simulation. Results showed that granules diameter changed from 3 mm to 31.9 mm, which increased nearly ten times, while sintering time and yield can be estimated. Simulations were conducted under different initial iron ore size to investigate its effect on sintering. Results showed that larger agglomeration were formed and thickness of molten zone was decreased under larger initial iron ore size, which shortened sintering time and increased productivity.

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The effects of kinetic parameters on combustion characteristics in a sintering bed

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

A Cascade Prediction Model of CO/CO₂in the Sintering Process

Modeling and Simulation of Iron Ore Sintering Process with Consideration of Granule Growth

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The effects of kinetic parameters on combustion characteristics in a sintering bed

Cited by 56 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

A Cascade Prediction Model of CO/CO2in the Sintering Process

Modeling and Simulation of Iron Ore Sintering Process with Consideration of Granule Growth

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Product

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A Cascade Prediction Model of CO/CO₂in the Sintering Process