The effects of kinship and density on growth and metamorphosis of the bronze frog (Rana temporalis) tadpoles

Girish, S.; Saidapur, Srinivas K.

doi:10.1007/pl00012233

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In amphibians, the evidence is somewhat controversial: both enhanced (Jasienski 1988, C. K. Smith 1990, Girish and Saidapur 1999), inhibited (Hokit and Blaustein 1994) and unchanged growth (Jasienski 1988, Waldman 1991) has been observed among siblings as compared to non‐relatives. The responses may partially be species specific, but differences in experimental and/or environmental conditions may also explain some of the inconsistency in results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relatedness and competitive asymmetry – the growth and development of common frog tadpoles

Pakkasmaa¹,

Aikio²

2003

Oikos

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Pakkasmaa, S. and Aikio, S. 2003. Relatedness and competitive asymmetry -the growth and development of common frog tadpoles. -Oikos 100: 55 -64.Individuals can compete either through direct interference or uptake of limiting resources. If competing individuals are able to recognize their relatives, relatedness of competitors may evoke kin selection, which favours relatively even resource share among relatives. Resource competition is often size-symmetric, i.e. proportional to an individual's biomass, while interference competition is asymmetric giving large individuals a disproportionate advantage over small individuals. Kin-selection is predicted to reduce the intensity of direct interference and competitive asymmetry, leading to increased mean and decreased variation in individual size. We tested these predictions by investigating the effects of relatedness on age and size at metamorphosis in the common frog Rana temporaria tadpoles in a laboratory experiment. We reared related (full-and half-sibs) and unrelated tadpoles of different sizes (small, large, small and large together) at two densities until metamorphosis. Relatedness had little effect on mean growth, but it reduced size variation, as measured with coefficient of variation. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between relatedness and density in size at metamorphosis, so that relatives always grew better in lower density, but growth was less affected by density among unrelated individuals. This indicates that the effects of relatedness on tadpole performance may be context dependent. Initial size differences in the mixed size treatment evened out during the course of the experiment, and initially small tadpoles were able to compensate the early growth losses, although it took longer for them to reach metamorphosis. We conclude that although relatedness may have rather small effects on the growth and development of R. temporaria tadpoles, it increases the symmetry of resource share decreasing between-individual variation in size at metamorphosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several amphibian species respond to crowding with reduced growth, development rate and survival to metamorphosis (D. C. Smith 1990, Hokit and Blaustein 1994, 1997, Girish and Saidapur 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relatedness and competitive asymmetry – the growth and development of common frog tadpoles

Pakkasmaa¹,

Aikio²

2003

Oikos

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“…Most of the studies on Hylarana tadpole development and ecology have been on the Indian H. temporalis (e.g. Girish and Saidapur, 1999;Hiragond and Saidapur, 1999;Hiragond and Saidapur, 2001;Veeranagoudar et al, 2004a, b). Though it is well known that carefully studied larval amphibian characters are invaluable for systematic studies (Haas, 1996(Haas, , 1997Maglia et al, 2001;Grosjean, 2005), the paucity of lineages analysed so far is not sufficient for this information to be useful in a systematics context involving Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding, phylogeny and systematics of Golden-backed frogs (Hylarana, Ranidae) of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, with the description of seven new species

Biju

Garg

Mahony

et al. 2014

CTOZ

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A systematic revision of the genus Hylarana in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot is presented. Species delineation in Hylarana is complicated due to a lack of distinct colour differences or striking morphological characters, leading to potential misidentification. We conducted extensive surveys throughout the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot and performed multiple gene (16S, COI and Cytb) barcoding using 103 samples collected from cultivated land and natural habitats. Genetic distance comparisons and Neighbor Joining trees indicated the presence of at least 14 candidate species in the region, supported by taxa groupings for all three genetic markers. Utilising a combination of molecular and morphological data, we describe seven new species, doubling the number of Hylarana species previously known from this region. We further demonstrate that H. temporalis, which was originally described from Sri Lanka, was misidentified with the Western Ghats endemic species for nearly 100 years. Conversely, H. aurantiaca was originally described from the Western Ghats and misidentified in Sri Lanka. Our study confirms that the distribution of H. temporalis is restricted to Sri Lanka, while H. aurantiaca is endemic to the Western Ghats, and that there are no shared Hylarana species between the two regions. Hylarana flavescens, H. intermedius and H. montanus, previously considered synonyms of H. temporalis are confirmed as valid species. Hylarana bhagmandlensis is removed from the synonymy of H. aurantiaca and placed as a junior subjective synonym of H. montanus. To establish nomenclatural stability, H. flavescens, H. malabarica and H. temporalis are lectotypified and H. intermedius is neotypified. Detailed descriptions, diagnosis, morphological and genetic comparisons, illustrations and data on distribution and natural history are provided for all species. Phylogenetic analyses based on three mitochondrial markers (16S, COI and Cytb) and a fragment of the nuclear Rag1 gene, show complete endemism of the Western Ghats-Sri Lankan species. Four major groups in this region are identified as: 1 — the Hylarana aurantiaca group, endemic to the Western Ghats; 2 — the Hylarana flavescens group, endemic to the Western Ghats; 3 — the Hylarana temporalis group, endemic to Sri Lanka; and 4 — the Hylarana malabarica group from Sri Lanka and India. The discovery of numerous morphologically cryptic Hylarana species in this region further emphasizes the benefits of utilizing an integrative taxonomic approach for uncovering hidden diversity and highlighting local endemism in the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot.

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“…Being in groups is advantageous in deterring predators. Growing in the company of kin is, moreover, known to promote or ensure uniform growth in other anuran larvae (Girish and Saidapur 1999;Saidapur and Girish, 2001). Therefore, energy spent in maintaining a kin-recognition system during early developmental stages is beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kin recognition in Bufo scaber tadpoles: ontogenetic changes and mechanism

Gramapurohit

Veeranagoudar

Mulkeegoudra

et al. 2006

J Ethol

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Ontogenetic changes in kin-recognition behavior, effect of social environment on kin-recognition ability, and use of visual and chemical cues in kin recognition have been studied in tadpoles of Bufo scaber after rearing them with kin, in mixed groups, or in isolation from Gosner stage 12 (gastrula). By use of a rectangular choice tank the tadpoles were tested for their ability to choose between (a) familiar siblings and unfamiliar non-siblings, (b) unfamiliar siblings and familiar non-siblings, and (c) unfamiliar siblings and unfamiliar non-siblings. When tested without any stimulus groups in the end compartments of the tank, random distribution was observed for the tadpoles and no bias for the apparatus or the procedure. In the presence of kin and nonkin in the end compartments, significantly more tadpoles spent most of their time near kin (familiar or unfamiliar) rather than near non-kin during early larval stages, up to stage 37. After stage 37 (characterized by the differentiation of toes), test tadpoles showed no preference to associate with kin, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in the kin-recognition ability in B. scaber. In experiments involving selective blockade of visual or chemical cues the test tadpoles preferentially associated near their kin on the basis of chemical rather than visual cues. These findings suggest that familiarity with siblings is not necessary for kin recognition and that kin-recognition ability is not modified after exposure to non-kin by mixed rearing. The findings for B. scaber indicate a "self referent phenotype matching" mechanism of kin recognition which is predominantly aided by chemical rather than visual cues.

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The effects of kinship and density on growth and metamorphosis of the bronze frog (Rana temporalis) tadpoles

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Relatedness and competitive asymmetry – the growth and development of common frog tadpoles

Relatedness and competitive asymmetry – the growth and development of common frog tadpoles

DNA barcoding, phylogeny and systematics of Golden-backed frogs (Hylarana, Ranidae) of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, with the description of seven new species

Kin recognition in Bufo scaber tadpoles: ontogenetic changes and mechanism

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