The effects of kiwifruit consumption on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

The current systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of kiwifruit intake on anthropometric indices and key cardiometabolic parameters. Related articles were found by searching PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus to detect relevant Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and novel systematic reviews relating to kiwi consumption in adults, up to August 2023. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were assessed and reported using standard methods. Six RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. Analyzing overall effect sizes demonstrated a significant reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (WMD: −9.30 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.56 to −1.04, p = .027), whereas no significant alterations of triglycerides (TG) (WMD: −12.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: −28.17 to 2.34, p = .097), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: −7.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.85 to 2.52, p = .141), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (WMD: 2.87 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.36 to 6.11, p = .141), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 1.06 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.43 to 3.56, p = .404), C‐reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: 0.15 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.40, 0.70, p = .0598), body weight (BW) (WMD: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: −1.34 to 3.04, p = .448), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: 0.04 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.75 to 0.83, p = .920), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: 0.18 cm; 95% CI: −1.81 to 2.19, p = .855) were found. Our findings suggest that consuming kiwifruit does not have a significant impact on anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic factors, except for LDL‐C levels.