The Effects of Korea Red Ginseng on Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptosis in Rat Model with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

Kang, Sang Wook; Park, Je Hoon; Seok, Ho-Sik; Chung, Joo‐Ho; Kim, Chang‐Ju; Kim, Young Ock; Han, Young Rok; Hong, DongWhan; Kim, Young Sik; Kim, Su Kang

doi:10.1155/2019/2462561

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…TNF-α and IL-1β activation in the gut wall is associated with visceral pain in IBS [ 31 , [33] , [34] , [35] ]. Consistent with the previous report that RG suppresses IL-1β and NF-κB activation [ 36 ], RG treatment in our study significantly inhibited IL-1β expression in the colon. It also suppressed TNF-α expression, similar to that observed in the group treated with the anti-inflammatory SSZ compound.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Chun

et al. 2021

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and bowel habit changes. Although diverse complicated etiologies are involved in its pathogenesis, a dysregulated gut–brain axis may be an important factor. Red ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal medicine, is proven to have anti-inflammatory effects and improve brain function; however, these effects have not been investigated in IBS. Methods Three-day intracolonic zymosan injections were used to induce post-infectious human IBS-like symptoms in mice. The animals were randomized to receive either phosphate-buffered saline (CG) or RG (30/100/300 mg/kg) for 10 days. Amitriptyline and sulfasalazine were used as positive controls. Macroscopic scoring was performed on day 4. Visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by colorectal distension and elevated plus maze and open field tests, respectively, on day 10. Next-generation sequencing of gut microbiota was performed, and biomarkers involved in gut–brain axis responses were analyzed. Results Compared to CG, RG significantly decreased the macroscopic score, frequency of visceral pain, and anxiety-like behavior in the IBS mice. These effects were comparable to those after sulfasalazine and amitriptyline treatments. Moreover, RG significantly increased the proliferation of beneficial microbes, including Lactobacillus johnsonii , Lactobacillus reuteri , and Parabacteroides goldsteinii . RG significantly suppressed expression of IL-1β and c-fos in the gut and prefrontal cortex, respectively. Further, it restored the plasma levels of corticosterone to within the normal range, accompanied by an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone. Conclusion RG may be a potential therapeutic option for the management of human IBS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Chun

et al. 2021

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…Modern pharmacological studies have found that red ginseng contains ginsenosides or active components of ginsenosides, and animal experiments have shown that it can inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 in patients with CP/CPPS. [32] Moreover, Qian-Yu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe. [33] The combined administration of three extracts, i.e.…”

Section: Tcm Can Affect Immune-mediated Inflammatory Factors To Reduc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine regulates inflammatory factors in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A review

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Integr Med Nephrol Androl

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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common male urological disease, and its clinical manifestations are closely related to the dysregulation of inflammatory factors. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to be effective in managing inflammation and providing pain relief, but their clinical application remains controversial. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to regulate inflammatory factors in CP/CPPS, and treatment with TCM has gained some advantages based on an “individualized” or “personalized” medical approach. In addition, TCM extracts and acupuncture therapy have also been proven to be effective for CP/CPPS, as they regulate related inflammatory factors. However, current systematic reviews tend to verify the efficacy and safety of TCM therapies in CP/CPPS, and there is still a deficiency in sorting out their mechanisms of modulating inflammatory factors. Based on the current evidence, our review summarizes the application of TCM in regulating inflammatory factors in CP/CPPS to provide a reference for the treatment of CP/CPPS with TCM therapy and a potential direction with future studies in this field.

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“…KRG is known to possess various biological and immunological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumorigenic properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Ginsenosides, the primary active constituents of ginseng, are saponins with steroid-like hydrophobic backbones connected to sugar moieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat-processing Panax ginseng Meyer converts ginsenoside compounds within the root to yield Korean Red ginseng (KRG). Since red ginseng has higher biological effects and fewer side effects than fresh ginseng, KRG is commonly used in traditional medicine throughout East Asia for its immunomodulatory, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumorigenic properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Various ginsenosides regulate inflammatory reactions through the regulation of cytokine, chemokine, and cyclooxygenase-2 production [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng and Rg3 on Asian Sand Dust-Induced MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Shin

Lee

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Korean Red ginseng (KRG), commonly used in traditional medicine, has anti-inflammatory, anti- oxidative, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Asian sand dust (ASD) is known to aggravate upper and lower airway inflammatory responses. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to ASD with or without KRG or ginsenoside Rg3. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and activity were determined using western blot analysis. ASD induced MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA and protein expression in BEAS-2B cells, which was significantly inhibited by KRG and Rg3. Although ASD-induced mucin expression was associated with NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, KRG and Rg3 significantly suppressed only ASD-induced NF-κB expression and activity. KRG and Rg3 inhibited ASD-induced mucin gene expression and protein production from bronchial epithelial cells. These results suggest that KRG and Rg3 have potential for treating mucus-producing airway inflammatory diseases.

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The Effects of Korea Red Ginseng on Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptosis in Rat Model with Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Effects of red ginseng on gut, microbiota, and brain in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome

Traditional Chinese medicine regulates inflammatory factors in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A review

Effect of Korean Red Ginseng and Rg3 on Asian Sand Dust-Induced MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 Expression in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

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