The Effects of Labor Markets and Income Inequality on Crime: Evidence from Panel Data

Doyle, Joanne M.; Ahmed, Ehsan; Horn, Robert N.

doi:10.2307/1061272

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Kelly (2000) shows that income inequality is positively related to crime. Doyle, Ahmed and Horn (1999) do not find that inequality is related to crime, but they do find that the male youth population is positively related to crime. Lochner and Moretti (2004) show that educational attainment is negatively related to crime.…”

Section: Ll Data and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 78%

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending

Ajilore

Smith

2009

SSRN Journal

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Section: Ll Data and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 78%

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending

Ajilore

Smith

2009

SSRN Journal

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“…Kelly (2000) shows that income inequality is positively correlated with crime. Doyle, Ahmed, and Horn (1999) do not …nd that inequality is correlated with crime, but they do …nd that the male youth population has a positive e¤ect on crime. Lochner and Moretti (2004) show that increases in individuals'educational attainment lower crime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending: Social Identity and a Public Good

Ajilore

Smith

2007

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may AbstractWe present evidence that more ethnically fragmented communities spend, all else equal, more on police services than less fragmented communities. We introduce a model of spending on police services which we use to interpret the data. In this model, we assume that the decision to commit a crime is a rational consideration of the costs and bene…ts and that spending on police services reduces the attractiveness of committing a crime. We also assume that being a victim of crime a¤ects a loss in utility. However this victimization cost, if victim and perpetrator are a di¤erent ethnicity, is greater than or equal to that if the perpetrator is the same ethnicity. A consequence of the model is that a higher level of spending on police services is associated with more ethnically fragmented communities only when agents su¤er this di¤erential cost of victimization. These results contribute to our understanding of the stylized fact that spending on police services is increasing at a time in which crime rates are falling. Further, our results provide empirical support for the contention that people have a larger cost of victimization when the perpetrator is a di¤erent ethnicity.

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“…The wage is often used as another proxy for the labor market. Since its disaggregated statistics have equally been employed in studies such as Cornwell and Trumbull (1994) and Doyle et al (1999), we also use the monthly wages in the construction industry (WAGE). 25 Moreover, we include two more control variables to reflect family environment.…”

Section: Panel Data Explanatory Variables and The Expected Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Although we overall obtained reasonable results in Table 2, our estimates of P a and P p may be inconsistent due to the possibility of the endogeneity problem. Following Doyle et al (1999), the DurbinWu-Hausman (DWH) test is conducted with regard to the two variables. Following Kim and Kim (2015), in terms of the instrument variables for P a , we used 'police manpower per 100,000' and 'one-year lagged P a '.…”

Section: Measuring the Spillover Direct-deterrence Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discretionary prosecution of regulatory crimes: disproportionate emphasis and consequences to other serious crimes

Kim

Byeon

2017

Asia-Pac J Reg Sci

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Prosecutors pay closer attention to cases related to regulatory policies that are emphasized by the political community. Discrepancy in the prosecution efforts between 'regulatory crimes' and 'conventional crimes' has widened significantly in Korea over the past 40 years. Considering both the low prosecuting preference for, and the rapid increases in, violent, property, and sexual crimes, we investigate the different spillover effects to the incidence of these serious sub-categories of conventional crimes due to the 'disproportionate' focus on regulatory crimes. The spillovers stem from the resource constraints and the economic incentives of enforcers and criminals. In this paper, it is found that the spillover was the greatest in sexual crimes and violent crimes, both of which are conceived to be most harmful to society. Therefore, the opportunity cost of the politically-motivated prosecuting focus has also been borne in a 'disproportionate' fashion. We also discover that, in pursuing the prosecuting emphasis on regulatory crimes under resource constraints, prosecutors have also discretionarily increased the use of 'summary prosecution' for other crimes, since it is a less expensive instrument for prosecutors.

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The Effects of Labor Markets and Income Inequality on Crime: Evidence from Panel Data

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending

Ethnic Fragmentation and Police Spending: Social Identity and a Public Good

Discretionary prosecution of regulatory crimes: disproportionate emphasis and consequences to other serious crimes

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