The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

Vala, Michelle A.; Mitchell, Greg W.; Hannah, Kevin C.; Put, Julia E.; Wilson, Scott

doi:10.5751/ace-01613-150124

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Whip-poor-wills used wetlands significantly less than expected given their availability, contrasting with recent studies on Whippoor-will habitat occupancy (Farrell et al 2017, Vala et al 2020). However, it is critical to note that given differences in methodology, the geographic scales used in these studies are relatively broad while our study quantified land cover covariates at a much more refined scale.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…However, it is critical to note that given differences in methodology, the geographic scales used in these studies are relatively broad while our study quantified land cover covariates at a much more refined scale. Vala et. al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the northernmost part of their range in central Ontario, Whip-poor-wills showed a preference for stands of red pine (Pinus resinosa) interspersed with clear-cut blocks (Tozer et al 2014). Recent studies in eastern Ontario showed that Whip-poor-wills frequented alvars, rock barrens, and old fields along forest edges (English et al 2017b), and were more likely to occupy areas with wetlands and large patchy forests (Vala et al 2020). In northwestern Ontario, Whip-poor-wills were found in open areas such as clearcuts, burns, and wetlands (Rand 2014, Farrell et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal and nocturnal habitat preference of Eastern Whip-poor-wills (Antrostomus vociferus) in the northern portion of their breeding range

Grahame¹,

Martin²,

Gow³

et al. 2021

ACE

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How animals choose habitats during periods of inactivity, such as roosting or resting, is an often overlooked aspect of habitat preference that can differ significantly from how habitats are selected during active periods. Eastern Whip-poor-wills (Antrostomus vociferous) are migratory nocturnal aerial insectivores that breed throughout eastern North America. In Canada, Whippoor-will populations have declined by over 30% in the past 20 years, and a comprehensive understanding of their diurnal and nocturnal habitat selection is required for developing effective conservation management strategies. From 447 radio-telemetry locations of 12 female and 32 male adult Whip-poor-wills radio-tracked over three breeding seasons (2018-2020), we used resource selection functions to assess habitat preference of Whip-poor-wills in the northern portion of their breeding range within Torrance Barrens Dark-Sky Preserve, central Ontario. Locations were taken both at night when individuals were primarily active and during the day when they were roosting. During both day and night, Whip-poor-wills used deciduous forest and shrubland more often than expected based on availability, while they avoided open water and wetlands. At night, Whip-poor-wills preferred to use mixed forest and rock barrens, while there was no difference between use and availability of these land cover types during the day. Our results suggest that shrubland and deciduous forest are important as both foraging and roosting habitat for Whip-poor-wills in this population, while rock barrens and mixed forest are important for foraging. While landscapes dominated by rock barrens interspersed with patches of shrubland and deciduous and mixed forests are uncommon, they could play an important role in the persistence of declining Whip-poor-will populations, particularly in the northern part of their breeding range. Conservation efforts for northern breeding Whip-poor-wills should focus on surveying and protecting similar rock barrens landscapes and those with a comparable patchwork of land cover features. Les préférences d'habitats diurnes et nocturnes de l'engoulevent bois-pourri (Antrostomus vociferous) dans la partie nord de leur zone de nidificationRÉSUMÉ. La manière dont les animaux choisissent leurs habitats pendant les périodes d'inactivité, par exemple pour la nidification ou le repos, est un aspect souvent négligé de la préférence d'habitat qui peut varier considérablement selon la manière dont les habitats sont choisis pendant les périodes actives. L'engoulevent bois-pourri (Antrostomus vociferous) est un insectivore aérien nocturne migrateur qui se reproduit dans tout l'est de l'Amérique du Nord. Au Canada, les populations d'engoulevents bois-pourri ont décliné de plus de 30 % au cours des 20 dernières années et une compréhension complète de la sélection de leur habitat diurne et nocturne est nécessaire pour développer des stratégies efficaces de gestion de la conservation. À partir de 447 localisations par radio-télémétrie de 12 engoulevents bois-pourri femell...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal and nocturnal habitat preference of Eastern Whip-poor-wills (Antrostomus vociferus) in the northern portion of their breeding range

Grahame¹,

Martin²,

Gow³

et al. 2021

ACE

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“…In Eastern Ontario most landowners, particularly farmers, own 100-hectare properties that total an area of 1 km 2 . Additionally, this scale is comparable to previous studies in the region that are based on an empirical scale of effect analysis for birds (Vala et al 2020).…”

Section: Landscape Variablessupporting

confidence: 82%

Direct and Indirect Effects of Agricultural Land Cover on Bird Species Richness

Vala¹

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Agriculture is one of the largest threats to global biodiversity including to birds. But we know little about whether the effects of agriculture on birds are mainly direct through farming operations, or indirect through effects on natural habitats. We sampled birds at 127 sites in eastern Ontario Canada. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of agriculture on species richness of three bird guilds: forest birds, shrubedge birds, and grassland birds. We found that forest bird richness was driven by the negative indirect effect of cropland via habitat loss. Shrub-edge and grassland bird richness increased with the amount of agriculture, despite negative indirect effects. Management efforts for bird diversity in agricultural landscapes should focus on preserving grassland and forest habitat including forest edges, while managing agricultural land, for instance, by selecting perennial crops and low impact agricultural activities. from both of you. I would like to thank Julia Put from Carleton University and Christine Eberl, Dr. Gregory Mitchell, and Dr. Scott Wilson at the National Wildlife Research Center for their assistance preparing for and conducting field work. Thanks also to Kevin Hannah at Environment and Climate Change Canada for providing field equipment and funding for an expert to identify the bird species from the survey data. I would also like to thank Lindsay Daly, Adrianne Hajdasz, and Joe Gabriel from the Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Lab (GLEL) for sharing their methods for corridor connectivity. This project would not have been possible without the funding and support provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada.

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“…Eastern whip‐poor‐will are more abundant or have greater occupancy in heavily thinned pines, managed barrens, and forest with intermediate basal area than closed‐canopy pine and deciduous forest (Akresh and King 2016, Spiller and King 2021) and in forested landscapes with clearcuts or other open‐canopy vegetation types present (Tozer et al 2014, English et al 2017). Eastern whip‐poor‐will tend to be more abundant in landscapes with greater forest cover and larger forest patch size (English et al 2017, Vala et al 2020), while chuck‐will's‐widow are more abundant in landscapes with 50% forest cover and 50% agriculture than those with 90% forest cover (Cooper 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Woodland restoration and forest structure affect nightjar abundance in the Ozark Highlands

2022

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Chuck‐will's‐widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) and eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus) are nightjars in eastern North America that have declined 69% and 67%, respectively, in abundance since 1966, resulting in conservation concerns for these species. We investigated relationships between nightjar abundance and landscape composition, forest structure, and application of tree thinning and prescribed fire because of regional interest in woodland restoration and nightjar conservation. We conducted nocturnal nightjar surveys at 385 points in southern Missouri, USA, in 2014 and 2015 and related counts to pine (Pinus spp.) and hardwood basal area, canopy closure, percent forest cover, and percent of area thinned or burned within 500 m of survey points. We modeled abundance of chuck‐will's‐widow and eastern whip‐poor‐will using time‐removal models that included a detection process and an abundance process within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We detected 534 eastern whip‐poor‐will and 186 chuck‐will's‐widow during surveys. Our data supported global models that included all 6 vegetation and management variables for both species. Chuck‐will's‐widow abundance was negatively related to hardwood basal area and peaked at intermediate values of percent area burned and percent forest cover. Eastern whip‐poor‐will abundance was negatively related to hardwood basal area and canopy cover, positively related to percent forest cover and percent of area burned, and peaked at low to moderate levels of percent of area thinned. Relationships to forest structure and management activities generally supported the conclusion that woodland restoration benefits nightjars and that chuck‐will's‐widow select landscapes with less forest cover than eastern whip‐poor‐will.

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The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Diurnal and nocturnal habitat preference of Eastern Whip-poor-wills (Antrostomus vociferus) in the northern portion of their breeding range

Diurnal and nocturnal habitat preference of Eastern Whip-poor-wills (Antrostomus vociferus) in the northern portion of their breeding range

Direct and Indirect Effects of Agricultural Land Cover on Bird Species Richness

Woodland restoration and forest structure affect nightjar abundance in the Ozark Highlands

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