The Effects of Language on the Gender Patterns of Highly Skilled Migration

Lien, Donald; Zuloaga, Erika

doi:10.1080/08853908.2020.1848666

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A heritage language is not only a means for the intergenerational preservation of culture but also an indicator of cultural assimilation [15]. Recent studies suggest that heritage language can be used as an indicator of cultural traits related to the division of work in the family [12][13][14][15]. It was found that second-generation migrant women who use their heritage language at home were less prone to participate in the labor market and work fewer hours [15].…”

Section: Culture and Migrant Women Labor Market Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along the same line, language abilities and literacy are among the most critical aspects of migrants' integration at their destination, and several migration studies show that language ability and literacy substantially affect migrants' labor market performance [9]. While some studies indicate that the effect of linguistics distance on labor market outcome is a result of lower host country language acquisition of migrants [8,10,11], others focus on linguistics distance as a proxy for cultural distance [14][15][16][22][23][24]. Thus, language is usually an overlooked form of cultural capital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, language is usually an overlooked form of cultural capital. Moreover, studies examining heritage language use in the context of the gender-immigration nexus argue that it is associated with gender norms that shape migrant women's integration into the labor market [12][13][14][15]. This might indicate that literacy captures a fraction of migrants' social assimilation, shaping migrants' economic integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language distance and labor market integration of migrants: Gendered perspective

Bar-Haim,

Birgier

2024

PLoS ONE

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This paper examines the distinct effects of linguistics distance and language literacy on the labor market integration of migrant men and women. Using data from the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 2018 in 16 countries of destination mainly from Europe and more than 110 languages of origin, we assess migrant labor force participation, employment, working hours, and occupational prestige. The study finds that linguistics distance of the first language studied has a significant negative association with labor force participation, employment, and working hours of migrant women, even after controlling for their abilities in their destination language, education, and cultural distance between the country of origin and destination. In contrast, linguistics distance is only negatively associated with migrant men’s working hours. This suggests that linguistic distance serves as a proxy for cultural aspects, which are not captured by cultural distance and hence shape the labor market integration of migrant women due to cultural factors rather than human capital. We suggest that the gender aspect of the effect of language proximity is essential in understanding the intersectional position of migrant women in the labor force.

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Section: Culture and Migrant Women Labor Market Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language distance and labor market integration of migrants: Gendered perspective

Bar-Haim,

Birgier

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Yet, female economic migrants face a myriad of hurdles that disadvantage them within the labour market post-arrival. Some barriers that intersect to create a class imbalance for female economic migrants include wage disparity compared to their male counterparts, gender and racial bias in hiring processes, white privilege, family obligations, non-recognition of foreign credentials, language barriers, and accent(Elrick and Lightman 2016;Carangio et al 2021;Lien and Zuloaga 2021; R. Lee, Ruppanner, and Perales 2020;Kofman and Raghuram 2005; Andersen and Collins 2020). 32…”

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confidence: 99%

Negotiating Canada’s Labour Market: The Case of Nigerian Women in Ontario

Edem

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In this dissertation, I analyze the realities of Nigerian women economic migrants in the Ontario labour market. I use critical race theory and intersectionality lenses to examine the lived experiences of high-skilled Nigerian women in the labour market. I argue that despite legal measures for employment equity, labour market differentiation occurs for the study group. Systemic discrimination produces and maintains aggravated levels of inequality within the labour market. I trace the historical trajectory of legislative frameworks on employment equity in Canada and Ontario, highlighting key legislation. A nuanced understanding of the experiences of the interviewed Nigerian women and civil service organisations reveals that legal measures can construct unfavourable labour market experiences for some groups of people and that legal frameworks alone are incapable of stemming systemic discrimination. I demonstrate how the challenges faced by Nigerian women economic migrants in the Ontario labour market go beyond the legal to the sociolegal. My analysis calls into question the efficacy of current measures to alleviate systemic discrimination in the labour market. This dissertation suggests that a review of current antidiscrimination measures (including enforcement mechanisms) is essential to deal with the contemporary challenges of high-skilled Nigerian women in Ontario. A rethinking of employment equity (as is), vis-a-vis Sub-Saharan African women in Ontario, is due.women showing up and showing out despite the barriers faced. Also, I dedicate this to the younger me, who has not lost the sparkle in her eyes, the smile on her lips, or the ability to dream.Completing a Ph.D is a collective effort, so I will not fail to acknowledge people who have contributed to the realisation of this day. I thank my Ph.D examiners, Amrita Hari and Margaret Watson, committee members Christina Gabriel and Ania Zbyszewka, and of course, my caring supervisor Megan Gaucher for guidance, direction, and support throughout the process. I acknowledge the Nigerian women interviewed for this research project, the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council (TRIEC), and the Black Female Accountants Network (BFAN). Also, I acknowledge the unfailing love and support of my siblings and mum. I won the lottery with my family. I acknowledge the Chapel of Grace Ottawa for being a great support system. A doctoral programme is capital-intensive. I want to acknowledge all professors who gave me research assistant positions, Carleton University for the support, and Matthew Edevbie for believing enough in a former employee to contribute to my dream. The grant from the Centre for Research on Inclusion at Work (CRIW) is also acknowledged. Several professors have helped me along the way in various capacities. I want to acknowledge Christiane Wilke, Luciara Nardon, Blair Rutherford, and Doris Buss for shining a light on iii my path. I acknowledge the role that Teaching and Learning Services played in my success.Samantha Shortt and Helen Roumeliotis, working with y...

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Human Trafficking and Gender Inequality: How Businesses Can Lower Risks and Costs

Ariail,

Smith,

Smith

2024

JRFM

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Human trafficking continues to be a profitable multi-billion dollar business. People are either callous toward human rights or they are unaware of the crime occurring. Many businesses may unknowingly facilitate human trafficking by providing services, such as transportation, hotels, or haircuts, or purchasing products from unfamiliar sources that secretly use forced labor. To be socially responsible, a business must establish effective enterprise governance policies that help prevent and detect trafficking. A business can incur legal fines, damage to its reputation, incur lost business, and be subject to litigation, all as a result of human trafficking. Worldwide, estimates are that 50 million people are being trafficked. Human trafficking is especially harmful to females, both adult women and girls, who comprise about 70 percent of all trafficking victims. Gender theory helps explain this disproportionate impact on women. This study provides an overview of human trafficking, an empirical analysis of the relationship of gender inequality to trafficking, and specific steps that a business can take to help prevent this crime, protect its reputation, and avoid fines and lost business.

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The Effects of Language on the Gender Patterns of Highly Skilled Migration

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Language distance and labor market integration of migrants: Gendered perspective

Language distance and labor market integration of migrants: Gendered perspective

Negotiating Canada’s Labour Market: The Case of Nigerian Women in Ontario

Human Trafficking and Gender Inequality: How Businesses Can Lower Risks and Costs

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