The effects of larval diet restriction on developmental time, preadult survival, and wing length in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

IntroductionStudies on different life history trait strategies under stressful environments are crucial in understanding how evolution shapes an organism under extreme conditions (Roff, 1992;Stearns, 1992;Flatt, 2011). Effects of dietary restriction (DR) as an environmental stress on life history traits have been assessed over the past 80 years, since the first positive correlation shown by McCay et al. (1935) between DR and median life span. Nutritional manipulation is one of the most frequently used ways to expose the effects of food as an environmental variable on the life history traits of organisms (Onder and Yilmaz, 2009). Subsequent studies with model organisms have indicated that life history traits change with respect to decreasing food medium (Mair, 2005;Speakman and Sharon, 2011).The amount and quality of nutrients consumed by organisms have a particular impact on life history traits, including developmental time, body size, and survival. Exposure to stress during developmental periods is significant for all organisms, especially for holometabol insects; moreover, instability in developmental periods can affect many adult characters. A nutrition intake decrease in the developmental stage extends developmental time and reduces adult body and organ size (Shingleton et al., 2008). Roff modeled the interaction between growth, developmental time, and body size in 2000 (Roff, 2000). Depending on the model, all variables have close relations with each other and are also affected by environmental stress. Variations in the quantity or quality of an acceptable diet can have profound effects on insect development (Chapman, 1998).Developmental stage stability is highly related to an organism's fitness, which critically depends on growth and development, as in the model of Roff (2000). However,

Lipocalin gene expression is varied in developmental stages by larval nutritional stress in Drosophila

“…This result is confirmed by previous research and literature (Onder and Yilmaz, 2009;Önder, 2010;Matzkin et al, 2011;Güler et al, 2014;Neethu et al, 2014); a negative relationship has been shown between the reachability of a protein resource and developmental time.…”

“…A negative correlation between dietary protein content and developmental time has been shown (Shingleton et al, 2008;Kolss et al, 2009). Restricted protein has an important role in larvae to pupae developmental time (Güler et al, 2014) Bass et al (2007)). All handling of flies was performed at room temperature by using CO 2 anesthesia.…”

Differences in larval nutritional requirements and female oviposition preference reflect the order of fruit colonization of Zaprionus indianus and Drosophila simulans

“…Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster show that the protein content of the larval diet regulates their growth (Bakker, 1959;Tu and Tatar, 2003), their development time (Beadle et al, 1938), their body and organ sizes (Tu and Tatar, 2003), and the development of their reproductive organs (Güler et al, 2014). Protein consumption, not carbohydrate consumption, regulates body and tissue growth in larvae (Britton and Edgar, 1998;Colombani et al, 2003).…”

Fitness traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) after long-term laboratory rearing on different diets

“…investigations (Kristensen et al, 2011;Güler et al, 2015) including fl uctuating asymmetry studies (Vijendravarma et al, 2011), learning and memory (Kolss & Kawecki, 2008;Wright, 2011), cuticular chemistry research (Fedina et al, 2012;Pavković-Lučić et al, 2016) and sexual selection studies (Fricke et al, 2008;Abed-Vieilliard & Cortot, 2016). So far, nutrigenomic studies on D. melanogaster have been used to further our understanding of human nutrigenomics, as metabolism is evolutionarily conserved (Ruden & Lu, 2006), and a promising way of developing strategies for dealing with metabolic diseases (Matzkin et al, 2011).…”