Hypothalamie thresholds for components of biting attack and threat were determined before and after midbrain lesions. Elicited attack and reflexive biting were blocked by medial tegmental destruction, while spontaneous attack and reflexive biting appeared after lateral tegmental lesions. Results suggested that the areas have independent and partially lateralized projections to lower sensorimotor mechanisms. Dorsal tegmental lesions blocked hypothalamically elicited ear flattening, lesions along a pathway from central gray to ventrolateral tegmentum blocked all vocalization, and no lesions affected pupillodilation or piloerection. Unilateral lesion effects suggested that pathways between hypothalamus and midbrain are partially crossed, but predominantly homolateral. The results support the view that the hypothalamus produces complex behaviors by acting caudally, through separate pathways, on sensorimotor mechanisms for different components.1 This report is based on a dissertation submitted to the University of Minnesota in partial fulfillment of requirements for the PhD degree.