The effects of LED emissions on sternotomy incision repair after myocardial revascularization: a randomized double-blind study with follow-up

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy on sternotomy pain and healing in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The patients were followed for 6 months after the surgery to determine their dehiscence. This study was conducted with 90 volunteers who electively submitted to CABG. The volunteers were randomly allocated into three different groups of equal size: LED (λ of 640 ± 20 nm and spatial average energy fluency of 1.2 J/cm(2) during hospitalization), placebo, or control. The outcomes assessed were pain when coughing by a visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill questionnaire and sternotomy healing by clinical assessment and photographical register end interpretation. The LED group had better pain reduction, as indicated by both the VAS and the McGill questionnaire (number of words chosen and pain index) (p ≤ 0.05), on days 6 and 8 after hospital discharge compared to the placebo and control groups. One month after surgery, almost no individual mentioned pain when coughing. Three researchers blindly analyzed the incision photographs to determine hyperemia and wound closure, and they found that the LED group had both less hyperemia and less incision bleeding or dehiscence. The LED therapy (640 nm) had an analgesic effect on the sternotomies of patients who underwent CABG, increasing their incision healing and preventing dehiscence.

Low-intensity laser (660 NM) has analgesic effects on sternotomy of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafts

“…Control and placebo groups have also been a part of the study carried on by the same research group, comparing the healing and analgesic effects of LED at λ 640 ± 20 nm, previously published by de Oliveira et al . [ 10 ]…”

“…[ 20 21 ] This instrument has also been used to evaluate pain after cardiac surgery. [ 10 22 ] According to the sensory dimension, the laser group experienced a lower pain level on days 6 and 8 postsurgery as compared to the control and placebo groups. When assessed by the affective dimension, the analgesic effect was observed on the 6 th day.…”

“…The randomization and blinding procedures consisted of simply drawing cards marked 1, 2, 3, or 4, where 1 meant the control group, 2 meant the placebo group, and 4 meant the laser group, whereas 3 meant that the individual should be part of another group irradiated with light-emitting diode (LED), as part of secondary studies carried on by research group. [ 10 ] The drawing was performed during the patient's hospital admission, which always occurred at least 24 h before the surgery. The researchers were separated into therapists and evaluators.…”

Light-emitting diodes in dermatology: stimulation of wound healing

“…Terapia światłem podczerwonym LED (846 ±20 nm) zwiększała ekspresję białek macierzy pozakomórkowej, takich jak fibronektyna i tenascyna, w ranach skóry [21]. Grupa badaczy z Centrum Laseroterapii i Fotobiologii Uniwersytetu w Sao Paulo w Brazylii przeprowadziła randomizowane, podwójnie zaślepione badanie kliniczne, w którym wykazała, że naświetlanie z użyciem diod LED o długości fali 640 nm miało istotne działanie przeciwbólowe oraz zapobiegało rozchodzeniu się brzegów rany i przyspieszało gojenie po sternotomii u pacjentów poddanych operacji pomostowania tętnic wieńcowych [22]. Z kolei Whelan i wsp.…”

Fototerapia combinada (LED 470 e LASER 660/808 nm) no controle da infecção e no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas experimentais

“…O uso da luz como recurso terapêutico, conhecido como fototerapia, é um dos métodos de tratamento mais antigos descritos na literatura. Porém, somente nos últimos anos destacaram-se como métodos bioestimuladores para o reparo tecidual (SMITH, 2005;SIQUEIRA, 2015;DE OLIVEIRA, 2013). As fototerapias por luzes coerentes (LASER-Luz amplificada por emissão estimulada de radiação) e não coerentes (LEDs-diodos emissores de luzes) já são utilizadas na prática clínica de forma isolada ou combinada com outros tratamentos KAVIANI et al, 2011;MINATEL;ENWEMEKA et al, 2009;MINATEL;FRADE et al, 2009).…”