The Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults

Im, Mee Young; Lee, Young Ran; Han, Suk Jung; Cho, Chung Min

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2012.23.1.13

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…MetS is common in Korean adults. These results are consistent with earlier analyses of MetS prevalence in Korea [4,14]. The 21.7% figure is slightly lower than a value of 22.9% for the U.S. adult population from 2009-2010 reported in a recent study [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Lim et al [15] reported a similar trend among Korean (24.9% in 1998 to 31.3% in 2007). In recent years, however, MetS prevalence in Koreans has begun to decrease slightly, from 22.4% in 2009 to 21.7% in 2012 (based on the same criteria for MetS diagnosis) [4]. We could not compare further with the prevalence of other researches for Korean because those studies used different criteria for MetS diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Both surveys revealed that more than 50% of individuals ≥ 60 years old had MetS based on the NCEP/ATP III definition [3]. In South Korea, results of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) show that the prevalence of MetS in ≥ 20-year-old Koreans was 22.4% (28.3% of men and 16.6% of women) [4]. For South Koreans over the age of 30, 28.8% (31.9% of men and 25.6% of women) met the diagnostic criteria for MetS, and the number increases each year [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gender Disparity in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012

Im¹,

Seomun²

2015

J Diabetes Metab

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Objectives: To evaluate gender specific characteristics in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and abnormalities in Korean population using the 2009 Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data based on the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). MetS prevalence was calculated for 5,935 Korean adults (≥ 20 years of age) by sex and age group. Incidence rates of five MetS risk factors were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of MetS among Koreans was 21.7% (22.9% for men, 20.6% for women). Elderly women after menopause had the highest prevalence of MetS and all five risk factors. Young and middle-aged men had higher prevalence and risk factors of MetS than similarly-aged women, but the rate of MetS in women surged significantly from age 50 and surpassed that of men thereafter. Women had a higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol than men in all age groups. Of the five MetS risk factors, the prevalence of hypertension was highest (36.0%). About one-third of Korean have hypertension as a main risk factor. Conclusion: We observed a mounting gender disparity with age due to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in female. Preventive strategies including lifestyle interventions and health education about MetS need to be implemented pre-menopausal women and middle-aged men. Therapeutic strategies including drug intervention should be employed for elderly women. In 2012, more than one-fifth of Korean have MetS. These results indicate that MetS is an imperative public health issue that needs to be managed at the national level. Reducing the rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia will be critical to controlling MetS. This study provides not only the latest information but also target population and high risk factors for controlling MetS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Disparity in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012

Im¹,

Seomun²

2015

J Diabetes Metab

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“…Due to the significant difference in BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking frequency and period, alcohol consumption and drinking frequency depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome, we were able to see relationship that exists between differences in lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome. It was also seen that the level of physical activity had no significant influence on metabolic syndrome in accordance to Im et al [25] and Yoo et al [26] but the insignificance of the data could be attributed to the fact that it was limited to the question: 'number of days in which the activity has been carried out recently within a week'. Therefore, a study should be performed after specific criteria related to exercise and physical activity has been established in order to collect significant data relevant to those areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Risk factors of Metabolic Syndrome and Lifestyle in Early Adulthood in Korea

Seo¹,

Soon²

2014

JNHC

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The objective of this study was to identify risk factors of metabolic syndrome in early adulthood which has currently shown an increase in Korea, due to a westernized lifestyle. Health medical examination data collected from a total of 5801 participants, gathered by the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) in 2013, was used to proceed with the study. NCEP ATP-III was used as diagnostic criteria for determining metabolic syndrome. The prevalence rate for metabolic syndrome totaled 32.8%, 29.7% for men and 3.1% for women. Among the subjects, 21.5% of men were found to have abnormal waist circumferences compared to a percentage of 2.3% for women. However, the HDL-cholesterol levels for both men and women were very similar, at 13.6% and 13.3% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in their BMIs, family histories of diabetes, smoking periods, smoking frequencies, alcohol consumption, drinking frequencies, and intense physical activities for the metabolic syndrome group and the normal group. The factors influencing metabolic syndrome were BMI(OR=1.645, 95% CI, 1.599-1.692), a high risk of diabetes(OR=8.818, 95% CI, 4.493-17.306), drinking frequency(OR=1.151, 95% CI, 1.074-1.233), smoking period(OR=1.037, 95% CI, 1.010-1.064), whereas the family history of diabetes, smoking frequency, and physical activity showed no significance. The factors attributing to a high risk in diabetes were BMI(OR=1.021, 95% CI, 1.008-1.035), family history of diabetes(OR=1.835, 95% CI, 1.045-3.225), smoking period(OR=1.125, 95% CI, 1.050-1.206), presence of metabolic syndrome(OR=8.519, 95% CI, 4.876-14.885). The result from the data illustrates the necessity in developing programs and management education for such factors (BMI, smoking, drinking) that influence metabolic syndrome in early adulthood. Promotion of the environment and social awareness of metabolic syndrome is also required to make possible improvements in lifestyle.

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“…The results are similar to those of Im et al 18 ) and are also in agreement with the study of Kim et al 19 ) , which demonstrated relationships between obesity and metabolic syndrome factors that resulted in cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors affecting metabolic syndrome by lifestyle

Lee

Cho

et al. 2016

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to explore lifestyle factors in relation to metabolic syndrome so as to be able to utilize the results as baseline data for the furtherance of health-care and medical treatment. [Subjects and Methods] This study was conducted with patients who visited a health care center located in Seoul and had abdominal ultrasonography between 2 March 2013 and 28 February, 2014. Heights, weights, and blood pressures were measured by automatic devices. Three radiologists examined the patients using abdominal ultrasonography for gallstone diagnosis. The statuses of patients with regard to smoking, alcohol, coffee, and physical activities were explored for the lifestyle investigation. For investigating baseline demographics, we first used descriptive statistics. We then used the χ2 test to analyze lifestyles and gallstone prevalence with regard to the presence of metabolic syndrome. Lastly, logistic regression analysis was conducted to discover the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. [Results] For men, body mass index, maximum gallstone size, and waist circumference were revealed as risk factors for metabolic syndrome, in descending order of the degree of risk. For females, gallstone presence was the most significant risk factor, followed by waist circumference. [Conclusion] Metabolic disease mainly presents itself along with obesity, and we should become more focused on preventing and treating this disease. A large-scale prospective study is needed in the future, as the cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remained unclear in this study.

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The Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adults

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Gender Disparity in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012

Gender Disparity in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012

Risk factors of Metabolic Syndrome and Lifestyle in Early Adulthood in Korea

Factors affecting metabolic syndrome by lifestyle

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