The effects of limestone characteristics and calcination temperature to the reactivity of the quicklime

Moropoulou, Α.; Bakolas, A.; Aggelakopoulou, Eleni

doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00490-7

Cited by 146 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…In all cases, the material could be easily crushed in small fragments, thus reducing the temperature of quicklime production. As shown in the experimentally produced quicklime and reported in the literature (Moropoulou et al, 2001), the soft porous nature of most of these materials enhances their reactivity and lowers the temperature of burning. For tufa travertine, only one hour at 800 ºC was sufficient to transform most of it to readily reacted quicklime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Identification of lime plaster in prehistory using petrographic methods: A review and reconsideration of the data on the basis of experimental and case studies

Karkanas

2007

Geoarchaeology

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Most prehistoric plasters and mortars consist of very small amounts of burnt lime mixed with anthropogenic debris, soil, and sediment. To solve the problem of identification of such small amounts of lime in impure lime plasters, a series of experimental plasters were prepared and studied with petrographic methods. Samples of living floors from five prehistoric sites in Greece were also reanalyzed under the light of the experimental findings and compared with natural calcareous sediment. The most promising features for identifying lime are transitional textures of partially carbonized slaked lime that can be observed in the lime lumps and the binding matrix. They are usually in the form of ill-crystallized portlandite and calcite mixtures or cryptocrystalline calcite. Well-reacted calcitic groundmass, shrinkage fractures, and occasionally colloidal forms are also additional indications. The present experimental study shows that lime could be easily produced by heating porous, soft calcareous materials. This would probably account for the very frequent use (in small quantities) of lime in Greek prehistory. Plaster and mortars were made by mixing damp anthopogenic dirt as aggregate and fragments of quicklime, a technique known as "hot mixing."

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Identification of lime plaster in prehistory using petrographic methods: A review and reconsideration of the data on the basis of experimental and case studies

Karkanas

2007

Geoarchaeology

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“…Larnite (C 2 S) and Gehlenite (C 2 AS) are the major hydraulic phases of hydraulic lime [24]. Considering the types of kilns and fuels used in the 15th century when these baths were constructed, it may have been difficult to achieve such high kiln temperatures [25]. This study examines the possibility of obtaining hydraulic lime at a relatively low temperature.…”

Section: Production Of Hydraulic Lime From Limestone Containing Diatomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of lime produced from limestone containing diatoms

Böke

Çizer

İpekoğlu

et al. 2008

Construction and Building Materials

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In this study lime binder used in stone and brick masonry mortars of some historic Ottoman baths was examined to understand whether the binders were hydraulic or not. For this purpose the mineralogical and elemental compositions and the microstructure of lime binder were determined by XRD, SEM-EDS and TGA analyses. The results indicate that the lime used in the brick dome mortars of Ottoman baths was hydraulic. Taking into account the kiln and fuel conditions of the 15th century, the possibility of obtaining hydraulic lime at relatively low temperature was examined. For this purpose limestone containing diatoms was heated at a relatively low temperature (850°C), then slaked and carbonated. After heating and slaking, calcium silicate giving hydraulicity to the lime was indicated by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. These results show that the production of hydraulic lime at a relatively low calcination temperature (850°C) was possible with 15th century kilns.

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“…In particular, the heterogeneous shape as expressed by the sample K1 and the homogeneous one of the sample T4, both correspond to a highly reactive slaked lime. In contrast, previous studies have shown that quick limes produced by calcination of inhomogeneous limestones are more reactive compared to quick-limes produced from more homogeneous and compact limestones (Moropoulou et al 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Physico-chemical Properties of Different Carbonate Rocks: Are They Highly Enough to Control Lime Reactivity?

Baziotis¹,

Leontakianakos²,

Proyer³

et al. 2011

IJC

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We have examined 5 different carbonate rocks in order to study their behavior during calcination at different temperatures (900, 1050 and 1200 0 C for 30 min) and hydration properties of quick limes and the final interconnection of the primary material with the reactivity of the slaked lime. Quick limes calcined at 900 0 C show the lower reactivity values. This could be related to the low calcination temperature or to the short calcination time of 30 min which was insufficient to produce enough lime. The samples calcined at temperatures of 1200 0 C are less reactive compared to those calcined at 1050 0 C, indicated by parameters such as the (CaO+MgO) Lime , the time required to reach the temperature maximum and the reactivity rate. This, probably could be due to annealing effects such as crystal coarsening and reduction of porosity at relatively high temperatures. This reaction is endothermic, proceeds at very high temperatures (>900 0 C) and in closed systems is highly influenced by the partial pressure of the gas phase (PCO 2 ). The theoretical dissociation temperature of calcite is around 900 0 C whereas that of magnesite ranges from 400 to 550 0 C [e.g. Boynton 1980, Schwarzkopf 1994, Moffat & Walmsley 2004. Thus, the temperature required for the calcination process of limestone is not constant and depends on various factors like CaCO 3 /MgCO 3 ratio or differences of grain size.Another important process is the slaked lime production through the exothermic reaction CaO(s) + H 2 O(l)→Ca(OH) 2 . In multicomponent systems, the MgO content could also react with water to earlier form Mg(OH) 2 . Both reactions increase the temperature of the added water, which influences reactivity. So, it is important to test the influence of MgO in such systems. According to various authors, reactivity of quick lime depends on the presence of admixtures in the used limestones; in particular admixtures like MgO lower the reactivity (Potgieter et al. 2003). As a consequence, the higher the amount of MgO, the lower the reactivity of quick lime, which is expressed in a reduction of the maximum hydration temperature and an increase of hydration time. Another factor that influences the hydration process is the initial temperature of the added water (Boynton 1980). A higher initial temperature of the water used for hydration of the quick lime increases the rate of the hydration reaction due to faster dissolution of the CaO particles.The aim of this paper is to analyze the physicochemical properties of the studied carbonate rocks and to test their influence on the hydraulic behavior of quick lime. Additionally, three datasets were obtained, one for each of the three different calcination temperatures (at 900, 1050 and 1200 0 C), regarding reactivity changes of hydrated (slaked) limes. Due to this we attempt to relate the calcination behavior of the original carbonate rocks with the reactivity of the resulted quick-limes. Experimental work-Analytical methodsFive samples (K1, A2, T3, T4, T5) of limestones from different quarries i...

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The effects of limestone characteristics and calcination temperature to the reactivity of the quicklime

Cited by 146 publications

References 1 publication

Identification of lime plaster in prehistory using petrographic methods: A review and reconsideration of the data on the basis of experimental and case studies

Identification of lime plaster in prehistory using petrographic methods: A review and reconsideration of the data on the basis of experimental and case studies

Characteristics of lime produced from limestone containing diatoms

Physico-chemical Properties of Different Carbonate Rocks: Are They Highly Enough to Control Lime Reactivity?

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