The effects of local versus systemic passive heating on the acute inflammatory, vascular and glycaemic response

Hoekstra, Sven P.; Ogawa, Takahiro; Santos, Miguel Dos; Handsley, Greg; Bailey, Stephen J.; Goosey‐Tolfrey, Victoria L.; Tajima, Fumihiro; Cheng, Jem L.; Leicht, Christof A.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0704

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As such, our discussion of the plasma [NO 2 − ] data is focused on the 3 h time point, which has greater potential physiological relevance compared with the mean plasma [NO 2 − ] 1–3 h post BR ingestion. Although the increasing core temperature via hot water immersion can increase the plasma [NO 2 − ] [ 40 ], local heating does not appear to have the same effect [ 41 ]. Consistent with this latter observation, local heating (or cooling) of the oral cavity did not impact plasma [NO 2 − ] in the current study after BR ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

et al. 2023

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This study tested the hypothesis that the increases in salivary and plasma [NO2−] after dietary NO3− supplementation would be greater when oral temperature and pH were independently elevated, and increased further when oral temperature and pH were elevated concurrently. Seven healthy males (mean ± SD, age 23 ± 4 years) ingested 70 mL of beetroot juice concentrate (BR, which provided ~6.2 mmol NO3−) during six separate laboratory visits. In a randomised crossover experimental design, salivary and plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−] were assessed at a neutral oral pH with a low (TLo-pHNorm), intermediate (TMid-pHNorm), and high (THi-pHNorm) oral temperature, and when the oral pH was increased at a low (TLo-pHHi), intermediate (TMid-pHHi), and high (THi-pHHi) oral temperature. Compared with the TMid-pHNorm condition (976 ± 388 µM), the mean salivary [NO2−] 1–3 h post BR ingestion was higher in the TMid-pHHi (1855 ± 423 µM), THi-pHNorm (1371 ± 653 µM), THi-pHHi (1792 ± 741 µM), TLo-pHNorm (1495 ± 502 µM), and TLo-pHHi (2013 ± 662 µM) conditions, with salivary [NO2−] also higher at a given oral temperature when the oral pH was increased (p < 0.05). Plasma [NO2−] was higher 3 h post BR ingestion in the TMid-pHHi, THi-pHHi, and TLo-pHHi conditions, but not the TLo-pHNorm and THi-pHNorm conditions, compared with TMid-pHNorm (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite ingesting the same NO3− dose, the increases in salivary [NO2−] varied depending on the temperature and pH of the oral cavity, while the plasma [NO2−] increased independently of oral temperature, but to a greater extent at a higher oral pH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, acute perceptual responses do not always translate into chronic perceptual responses. In some instances, people come to derive pleasure compare the thermal perception between whole-body and lower limb protocols to determine whether thermal discomfort is indeed alleviated by local heating (52).…”

Section: Cheng Et Al Acute Lower Limb Heating and Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

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Hoekstra

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Regular exposure to passive heat stress improves vascular function, but the optimal heating prescription remains undefined. Local limb heating is more feasible than whole body heating, but the evidence demonstrating its efficacy is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute improvements in vascular function can be achieved with lower limb heating in 16 young healthy individuals (8 female, 8 male). In separate visits, participants underwent 45-min of ankle- and knee-level hot water immersion (45 °C). A subset of 7 participants also participated in a time-control visit. Endothelial function was assessed through simultaneous brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests. Macrovascular function was quantified by %FMD, while microvascular function was quantified by vascular conductance during reactive hyperemia. Arterial stiffness was assessed through carotid-femoral and femoral-foot pulse wave velocity (PWV). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and extracellular heat shock protein-72 (eHSP72) were used as indicators of inflammation. Our findings showed that 45-min of lower limb heating - regardless of condition - acutely improved upper limb macrovascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial %FMD; Pre: 4.6±1.7 vs. Post: 5.4±2.0%; P=0.004) and lower limb arterial stiffness (i.e., femoral-foot PWV; Pre: 8.4±1.2 vs. Post: 7.7±1.1 m/s; P=0.011). However, only knee-level heating increased upper limb microvascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial peak vascular conductance; Pre: 6.3±2.7 vs. Post: 7.8±3.5 ml/min⋅mmHg; P≤0.050) and plasma eHSP72 concentration (Pre: 12.4±9.4 vs. Post: 14.8±9.8 ng/ml; P≤0.050). These findings show that local lower limb heating acutely improves vascular function in younger individuals, with knee-level heating improving more outcome measures.

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“…However, the study did not consider the different monocyte subsets. Recently, the effects of passive heating on inflammatory markers were investigated ( Hoekstra et al, 2021 ). Participants (sedentary men) were immersed up to the neck, in 39°C water for 1 h. In the control situation the same participants remained in rest, for 1 h, in an environmental chamber (27°C, 40% humidity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Leukocyte Subsets Mobilization in Response to Exercise by Water Immersion Recovery

et al. 2022

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of different water immersion temperatures on the kinetics of blood markers of skeletal muscle damage and the main leukocyte subpopulations.Methods: Eleven recreationally trained young men participated in four experimental sessions consisting of unilateral eccentric knee flexion and 90 min of treadmill running at 70% of peak oxygen uptake, followed by 15 min of water immersion recovery at 15, 28 or 38°C. In the control condition participants remained seated at room temperature. Four hours after exercise recovery, participants completed a performance test. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise, after immersion, immediately before and after the performance test and 24 h after exercise. The number of leukocyte populations and the percentage of lymphocyte and monocytes subsets, as well as the serum activity of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined.Results: Leukocytosis and increase in blood markers of skeletal muscle damage were observed after the exercise. Magnitude effect analysis indicated that post-exercise hot-water immersion likely reduced the exercise-induced lymphocytosis and monocytosis. Despite reduced monocyte count, recovery by 38°C immersion, as well as 28°C, likely increased the percentage of non-classical monocytes in the blood. The percentage of CD25+ cells in the CD4 T cell subpopulation was possibly lower after immersion in water at 28 and 15°C. No effect of recovery by water immersion was observed for serum levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase.Conclusions: Recovery by hot-water immersion likely attenuated the leukocytosis and increased the mobilization of non-classical monocytes induced by a single session of exercise combining resistance and endurance exercises, despite no effect of water immersion on markers of skeletal muscle damage. The monocyte response mediated by hot water immersion may lead to the improvement of the inflammatory response evoked by exercise in the skeletal muscle.

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The effects of local versus systemic passive heating on the acute inflammatory, vascular and glycaemic response

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Oral Temperature and pH Influence Dietary Nitrate Metabolism in Healthy Adults

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

Modulation of Leukocyte Subsets Mobilization in Response to Exercise by Water Immersion Recovery

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