The Effects of Long Endurance Running on Immune System Parameters and Lymphocyte Function in Experienced Marathoners

Nieman, David C.; Berk, Lee; Simpson-Westerberg, M.; Arabatzis, K.; Youngberg, W. S.; Tan, Song; Lee, J. W.; Eby, William C.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198904001-00651

Cited by 36 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We also cannot exclude that other factors such as the physical stress induced depression of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) production [9,39,40] might be involved in the pathogenesis of suppressed immunity of high endurance athletes. In our study the percentage of NK cells of all lymphocytes was higher than in some other studies [6,36,41,42], possibly due to the fact that in some studies NK cells were detected with specific antibody against either CD16 or CD56 antigens. Thus, our method of combining CD16 1 and CD56 1 to detect the total NK cell population as CD16 1 and/or CD56 1 as previously defined [43] might account for these differences.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Change in perforin-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations following exercise

Staats¹,

Balkow²,

Sorichter³

et al. 2000

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYPerforin, one of the cytotoxic proteins of the immune system, plays a prominent role in protection against viral and bacterial infections. We investigated its expression in PBL and their CD3 1 , CD4 1 , CD8 1 and CD16 1 and/or CD56 1 subpopulations in endurance athletes before and after a triathlon. Lymphocyte subpopulations were analysed by flow cytometry following separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and staining with antibodies against specific membrane antigens and intracellular perforin. The number of total lymphocytes decreased from 2´1 Â 10 3 /ml before the triathlon to 1´0 Â 10 3 /ml 1 h after the triathlon (P , 0´01). Interestingly, there was already a significant spontaneous decline in the percentage of CD3 1 /perforin 1 , and in CD8 1 /perforin 1 cells, in the week proceeding the triathlon, when subjects were instructed to refrain from strenuous exercise training. The percentage of CD3 1 /perforin 1 , CD8 1 /perforin 1 and CD16 1 and/or CD56 1 /perforin 1 cells in each lymphocyte subpopulation decreased 1 h after exercise even further from 14´3% to 5´8% (P , 0´05), 18´5% to 6´5% (P , 0´05) and 77´3% to 67´3%, respectively. However, at 18 h and 48 h after exercise the percentage of perforin-expressing CD3 1 , CD8 1 and CD16 1 /56 1 cells increased again towards baseline levels. Compared with normal controls, baseline perforin co-expression in CD3 1 and CD8 1 lymphocytes was significantly higher in trained athletes. From our data we conclude that trained athletes have an increased percentage of perforin 1 PBL and that following exercise the percentage of perforin 1 and therefore potentially cytotoxic lymphocytes transiently decreases in peripheral blood.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Change in perforin-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations following exercise

Staats¹,

Balkow²,

Sorichter³

et al. 2000

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both the magnitude of increase and the absolute post-race levels in catecholamines and GH observed in the 50-km race are considerably higher than what has been demonstrated in studies on male marathon runners (Maron et al, 1975;Nieman et al, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1993;Suzuki et al, 2000). Catecholamines and GH have short half-lives, and disappear quickly out of circulation after exercise (Esler et al, 1990).…”

Section: Changes In Plasma Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Several investigators have characterized the changes in various blood constituents associated with marathon running (Maron et al, 1975;Nieman et al, 1989;Haq et al, 1993;O'Brien et al, 1993;Rohde et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 2000). A marathon race is comparable to a 50-km ski race as far as race time is concerned, with a finish time of 130-140 min among the elite athletes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno‐endocrine and metabolic responses to long distance ski racing in world‐class male and female cross‐country skiers

Rønsen¹,

Børsheim

Bahr

et al. 2003

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to characterize the extent of immune, endocrine, substrate and metabolic changes during a long-distance cross-country ski race in extremely well-trained athletes and evaluate if the blood perturbations would indicate signs of health risk. Ten male (M) and six female (F) national team skiers were investigated as they followed their usual routines of race preparations. Blood samples were drawn before and immediately after a World Cup 50-km M and 30-km F ski race with a mean finish time of 142 and 104 min, respectively. Hemoglobin, electrolytes, and C-reactive protein remained unchanged for both M and F. Serum testosterone remained unchanged in M, but doubled in F. Significant increases were observed in concentrations of granulocytes (F: 5 x, M: 5 x), natural killer cells (F: 2 x, M: 1.5 x), adrenaline (F: 12 x, M:10 x), noradrenaline (F: 7 x, M:5 x), growth hormone (F: 30 x, M: 2 x), cortisol (F: 1.5 x, M:2 x), glucose (F: 2 x, M:1.5 x), creatine kinase (F: 2 x, M:2 x), uric acid (F: 1.5 x, M: 1.5 x) and non-organic phosphate (F:2 x, M:2 x), while insulin concentration decreased (F: 0.5x, M: 0.8 x). Free fatty acid (FFA) concentration increased (F:2 x, M: 3 x). In conclusion, we observed substantial changes in several immuno-endocrine, substrate and metabolic measurements after long distance cross-country ski racing and suggest that some of these marked changes may reflect the large amount of muscle mass involved during skiing.

show abstract

“…Recent studies have shown that the selective mobilization of neutrophils causes an increase in total leukocyte counts after prolonged exercise, such as the marathon and triathlon (12)(13)(14). The increase in neutrophil counts induced by intense short-term exercise shows two peaks (15 -17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A competitive marathon race decreases neutrophil functions in athletes

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A full marathon is the longest running race in official track events and is a form of acute exercise. However, no studies have examined the acute neutrophil function response to a competitive marathon race. Thirty-six male athletes who had just completed the 42.195 km course of the 50th Beppu-Oita Mainichi Marathon were enrolled in this study. Neutrophil oxidative burst activity, phagocytic activity and expression of CD11b and CD16 per cell were measured by flow cytometry immediately before and after the marathon. Total leukocyte/neutrophil counts increased significantly (p < 0.001), whereas total oxidative burst activity per neutrophil cell decreased significantly after the race (p < 0.001). Furthermore, total phagocytic activity per neutrophil cell also decreased after the race, although it was not significant (p = 0.08). Although CD11b expression per cell did not change, the expression of CD16 per cell significantly decreased (p < 0.001) after the race. In conclusion, a competitive marathon race decreased neutrophil functions (oxidative burst activity and phagocytic activity), which may be partly due to a decrease in CD16 expression. The increase in total neutrophil counts might reflect a compensatory response to counteract the decrease in neutrophil functions.

show abstract

The Effects of Long Endurance Running on Immune System Parameters and Lymphocyte Function in Experienced Marathoners

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Change in perforin-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations following exercise

Change in perforin-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subpopulations following exercise

Immuno‐endocrine and metabolic responses to long distance ski racing in world‐class male and female cross‐country skiers

A competitive marathon race decreases neutrophil functions in athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About