The effects of long haul transport on pregnant, non-lactating dairy cows

Fisher, Andrew; Pearce, P V; Lr, Matthews

doi:10.1080/00480169.1999.36136

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The glycerol, transported, and betaine groups had lower (P = 0.02) plasma Mg concentration than the control group at 24 h. However, at 48 h the control group had greater (P = 0.05) plasma Mg concentrations compared with the transported group only. The betaine and glycerol groups maintained plasma Mg concentrations between 24 and 48 h. The effect of transportation on cattle plasma Mg concentrations was similar to other studies where a decrease in the plasma Mg concentration of the animal has been recorded (Fisher et al, 1999).…”

Section: Plasma Electrolytessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A time effect for all treatment groups demonstrated a decrease in BW with increased time off feed and water. Loss of BW is similar to other reported values in long haul transportation studies (Camp et al, 1981;Fisher et al, 1999). Loss of BW from fasting and transport largely reflect changes in gut fill and defecation and urination rates (Wythes et al, 1980).…”

Section: Body Weightsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation1

Parker

Dobson

Fitzpatrick

2007

Journal of Animal Science

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The physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with osmolytes were investigated using twenty-four 2.5-yr-old Bos indicus steers. Animals were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups: 1) control, feed and water deprived for 48 h (n = 6); 2) transported, transported for 48 h (n = 6); 3) glycerol, dosed with glycerol (2 g/kg of BW) and then transported for 48 h (n = 6); and 4) betaine, dosed with betaine (0.25 g/kg of BW) then transported for 48 h (n = 6). Body water, electrolytes, blood pH and gases, plasma lactate, glucose, albumin, total protein, anion gap, strong ion difference, total weak acids, and BW were determined at the conclusion of 24 and 48 h of transportation. The glycerol group had greater body water volumes than the control (P = 0.05) and transported (P = 0.02) groups. The glycerol, transported, and betaine groups had lower (P = 0.02) plasma Mg concentrations than the control group at 24 h, whereas the glycerol group maintained lower (P = 0.04) plasma concentrations of Ca than the control group. The betaine group had lower (P = 0.04) hematocrit than the control group at 24 and 48 h. Plasma bicarbonate and pCO2 were 13 and 17% greater (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) in the glycerol group at 24 h compared with control and transported groups. However, the ratio of [HCO3]/[CO2] in the glycerol group did not differ from the other groups and thereby maintained pH. The glycerol group maintained a 30% greater (P < 0.001) plasma concentration of glucose than the control group, and 14% greater (P = 0.05) than the transported and betaine groups. In contrast, betaine had little effect on increasing blood glucose compared with glycerol. Glycerol-linked hyperhydration at 24 h may not only help to conserve water loss during long distance transportation, but the increased blood glucose may have an important protein-sparing effect due, in part, to greater insulin concentrations inhibiting the breakdown of muscle proteins, thus, countering the amino-acid mobilizing effect of cortisol after 24 h. Therefore, the osmolyte glycerol shows promise as a prophylactic treatment for attenuating the effects of long distance transportation by maintaining body water, decreasing the energy deficit, and preserving health and muscle quality.

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Section: Plasma Electrolytessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Body Weightsupporting

confidence: 85%

Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation1

Parker

Dobson

Fitzpatrick

2007

Journal of Animal Science

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“…All rhinoceroses, regardless of being fed or not, experienced a decrease in serum calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations and an increase in total bilirubin concentrations; changes which are usually attributed to a decreased food intake (Muñoz et al 2010). Changes similar to those observed in this study have been documented after periods of fasting in domestic animal species such as equids and cattle (Baetz 1976;Fisher et al 1999;Fisher et al 2009;Muñoz et al 2010). Although within normal reference intervals (Mathebula et al 2012;Hooijberg et al 2017), calcium concentrations decreased and urea concentrations increased more in the nonfed rhinoceroses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The effects of feeding and transport length on the welfare of white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum simum ) during long-distance translocations: a preliminary study

Leiberich

Pohlin

Hooijberg

et al. 2022

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

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Wildlife translocation has been defined as the "deliberate movement of organisms from one site for release in another" (IUCN/SSC 2012). Translocations are a useful tool to reestablish populations, to improve the conservation status of a species and to fight the loss of biodiversity (IUCN/SSC 2012). However, translocations of wildlife are a complex, costly and high-risk endeavour (Berger-Tal et al. 2020). The success rate of translocations is variable and chronic stress-related complications possibly lead to translocation failures, especially after release and during the establishment phase (Dickens et al. 2009). The mortality rates resulting from rhinoceros translocations in South Africa and Namibia are estimated at 5% (Miller et al. 2016). In 2018, several translocations made tragic headlines when 11 out of 11 black rhinoceroses transported in Kenya died, and four out of six rhinoceroses translocated from South Africa to Chad died within months of release into their new habitat (Modise & Read 2018; Save the Rhino 2018). These losses not only attracted great criticism, but posed a great cost to the conservation organisations involved.Stress was blamed as the primary cause of the failure of these translocations. While an acute stress response can benefit the adaptation process, chronic stress occurs when the physiological stress response system is overwhelmed and persisting or repeated exposure to stressors leads to pathology (Dickens et al. 2010;Linklater et al. 2010;Teixeira et al. 2007). The transport of domestic animals, and even more so, wild animals, inevitably involves several stressors such as unfamiliar handling, surroundings, noise, the movement of the transport vehicle, the extended time standing, as well as the deprivation of food and water (

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“…We (Lay et al, 1996) and others (Lambooy and Hulsegge, 1988;Fisher et al, 1999;Merrill et al, 2010) previously demonstrated pregnant cattle were affected by transportation, as evidenced by changes in body weight, percent shrink, and circulating concentrations of cortisol, glucose, minerals, and pregnancy rate. As none of these reports took season of transport or animal temperament into consideration, we investigated if the temperament of pregnant Brahman cattle affected their responses to transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Physiological and metabolic responses of gestating Brahman cows to repeated transportation12

Price

Lewis

Neuendorff

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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This study characterized physiological responses to repeated transportation (TRANS) of gestating cows of differing temperaments. Cows were classified as Calm (C; = 10), Intermediate (I; = 28), or Temperamental (T; = 10). Based on artificial insemination date and pregnancy confirmation, cows were TRANS for 2 h on d 60 (TRANS1), 80 (TRANS2), 100 (TRANS3), 120 (TRANS4), and 140 (TRANS5) ± 5 d of gestation. Indwelling vaginal temperature (VT) monitoring devices were inserted 24 h before each TRANS with VT recorded from 2 h before TRANS and averaged into 5-min intervals through 30 min after TRANS. Serum samples were collected before loading and on unloading from the trailer to determine concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis in SAS. Serum cortisol concentrations were affected by temperament ( < 0.001), with T cows having the greater concentrations of cortisol before each TRANS event. All cows (100%) regardless of temperament exhibited elevations in cortisol following each TRANS event. Peak VT was greater ( < 0.001) at TRANS1 relative to all other TRANS events regardless of cow temperament. During TRANS, the T cows tended ( < 0.09) to have greater peak VT (39.86 ± 0.15°C) compared to C (39.41 ± 0.16°C) and I cows (39.55 ± 0.08°C). Area under the VT curve decreased ( = 0.002) from TRANS1 through TRANS5. Pre-TRANS serum glucose concentration at TRANS1 was greater ( < 0.03) for T (68.13 ± 4.31mg/dL) compared to I (53.42 ± 2.78 mg/dL) and C cows (52.76 ± 4.60 mg/dL). The C and I cows had greater changes in NEFA concentration between pre- and post-transport, and T cows showed the least change ( < 0.001). Cow VT and serum glucose concentration decreased in all temperaments ( < 0.01) with repeated TRANS; however, serum NEFA concentration post-TRANS did not vary ( > 0.10) with repeated TRANS events. Serum glucose concentrations were affected ( < 0.02) by a TRANS event by temperament interaction with T cows taking more TRANS events to decrease their change in glucose concentration compared to C and I cows. These results demonstrate that temperament influences physiological responses to stress in gestating Brahman cows. Although repeated transport in our study is confounded with day of gestation, seasonal changes, and learning from repeated handling and transport, repeated transport is a useful model of repeated stress in studying the effects of temperament.

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The effects of long haul transport on pregnant, non-lactating dairy cows

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation1

Physiological and metabolic effects of prophylactic treatment with the osmolytes glycerol and betaine on Bos indicus steers during long duration transportation1

The effects of feeding and transport length on the welfare of white rhinoceroses ( Ceratotherium simum simum ) during long-distance translocations: a preliminary study

Physiological and metabolic responses of gestating Brahman cows to repeated transportation12

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