Background/Aim: Neuropathic pain and neuropathy is commonly seen after ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of lutein on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)induced vasculitic neuropathic pain and neuropathy in rats. Materials and Methods: An hour before anesthesia, 6 Albino Wistar male rats with I/R were orally administered with 1 mg/kg lutein (LIR group). Two groups of 6 such rats who underwent surgery were provided with 0.5 ml distilled water (as solvent) either via oral administration (SIR group) or by gavage (sham group or SG). One hour following the administration, the later femoral arteries of the LIR and SIR rats were closed using a sterile silk thread and ischemia was induced in the sciatic nerve for 4 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The femoral artery of the SG group was not closed with suture. Next, 1 mg/kg lutein was re-administered only to the LIR group for 1 h, followed by measurement of the paw pain thresholds by the Basile Algesimeter. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), nuclear factor-kB (NF-ĸB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the sciatic nerve tissues were measured, and the tissues were histopathologically examined. Results: We found that the MDA, NF-ĸB, and TNF-α levels were higher and the tGSH level was lower in the SIR group relative to those in the LIR group, and the differences were statistically significant. Significant histopathological damage was noted in the SIR group, whereas the LIR group demonstrated protection from oxidative damage. Conclusion: Lutein is potentially useful in the treatment of I/R-related neuropathy and neuropathic pain.Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex pathological process that begins with a decrease in the tissue oxygen levels, followed by the production of free oxygen radicals, resulting in an inflammatory response (1). The I/R event in the vascular and nervous systems have been documented with an increasing ischemic and vasculitic neuropathic pain that clinically resembles the complex regional pain syndrome (2). In isolated vasculitis, a form of vasculitic neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, medium-and small-size vessels in peripheral nerves are usually affected (3). The incidence of vasculitic neuropathies is greater in the lower extremities and causes severe pain (4). Some reports assert that neuropathy may be the first or even the only indicator of vasculitis ( 5).An I/R event is also known to induce significant damages to the nerve cells as well as to the internal organs (6). Reportedly, the I/R process induces microvascular changes, which lead to structural and functional disorders of nerve tissues (7). The pathophysiology of I/R injury consists of a complex event that involves the obstruction of the capillaries, immune cell activation, free oxygen radical (FOR) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and increased antioxidant expenditure (8,9). The together, these data suggest that drugs with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be useful in the treatment of vasc...