The Effects of Magnitude-Based Differential Reinforcement on the Skill Acquisition of Children with Autism

Fiske, Kate; Cohen, Amy; Bamond, Meredith J.; Delmolino, Lara; LaRue, Robert; Sloman, Kimberly N.

doi:10.1007/s10864-014-9211-y

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although there has been a considerable amount of research on the effects of differential rates of alternative reinforcement on subsequent resurgence, in applied settings it is common for differential magnitudes of alternative reinforcement to be used in DRA-based treatments (e.g., Fiske et al, 2014; Higgins et al, 2007; Lerman et al, 1999, 2002; Petry et al, 2012; Silverman et al, 1999; Volkert et al, 2005). Consistent with the effects of higher rates of alternative reinforcement discussed above, larger magnitudes of alternative reinforcement in such treatments typically more effectively reduce problem behavior.…”

Section: Application Of Rac To Extinction-induced Resurgencementioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence as Choice

Shahan

Craig

2017

Behavioural Processes

120

129

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Resurgence is typically defined as an increase in a previously extinguished target behavior when a more recently reinforced alternative behavior is later extinguished. Some treatments of the phenomenon have suggested that it might also extend to circumstances where either the historic or more recently reinforced behavior is reduced by other non-extinction related means (e.g., punishment, decreases in reinforcement rate, satiation, etc.). Here we present a theory of resurgence suggesting that the phenomenon results from the same basic processes governing choice. In its most general form, the theory suggests that resurgence results from changes in the allocation of target behavior driven by changes in the values of the target and alternative options across time. Specifically, resurgence occurs when there is an increase in the relative value of an historically effective target option as a result of a subsequent devaluation of a more recently effective alternative option. We develop a more specific quantitative model of how extinction of the target and alternative responses in a typical resurgence paradigm might produce such changes in relative value across time using a temporal weighting rule. The example model does a good job in accounting for the effects of reinforcement rate and related manipulations on resurgence in simple schedules where Behavioral Momentum Theory has failed. We also discuss how the general theory might be extended to other parameters of reinforcement (e.g., magnitude, quality), other means to suppress target or alternative behavior (e.g., satiation, punishment, differential reinforcement of other behavior), and other factors (e.g., non-contingent versus contingent alternative reinforcement, serial alternative reinforcement, and multiple schedules).

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Section: Application Of Rac To Extinction-induced Resurgencementioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence as Choice

Shahan

Craig

2017

Behavioural Processes

120

129

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“…Reinforcement magnitude refers to the intensity of the reinforcer, which may be measured in terms of concentration, amount, or duration of the reinforcer (Trosclair-Lasserre, Lerman, Call, Addison, & Kodak, 2008). Although some studies have examined reinforcement magnitude, only one measured the effects of reinforcement magnitude on skill acquisition (Fiske et al, 2014). Fiske et al (2014) compared levels of correct responding in conditions in which a large magnitude of reinforcement was provided for independent correct responses and a large magnitude, small magnitude, or no reinforcement was arranged for prompted correct responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies have examined reinforcement magnitude, only one measured the effects of reinforcement magnitude on skill acquisition (Fiske et al, 2014). Fiske et al (2014) compared levels of correct responding in conditions in which a large magnitude of reinforcement was provided for independent correct responses and a large magnitude, small magnitude, or no reinforcement was arranged for prompted correct responses. Results showed that participants mastered targets in all conditions in a similar number of sessions and that providing different magnitudes of reinforcement for independent and prompted responses did not consistently improve outcomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of reinforcement magnitude on skill acquisition for children with autism

Paden

Kodak

2015

J of App Behav Analysis

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We examined the effects of reinforcement magnitude on skill acquisition during discrete-trial training. After conducting a magnitude preference assessment, we compared acquisition during conditions with large and small magnitudes of edible reinforcement to a praise-only condition. Although all participants showed a preference for the large-magnitude reinforcer, preference did not predict the magnitude that produced the fastest skill acquisition.

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“…Further research may be needed to evaluate the effects of the timing of the implementation of different arrangements of reinforcement. Second, it is unclear how edible amounts and small‐edibles values were selected in previous studies (e.g., Cividini‐Motta & Ahearn, ; Fiske et al, ). Similar to other previous studies (e.g., Boudreau et al, ), we used an empirical method for selecting the edible amount and small edible size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the findings from research in the area of differential reinforcement during skill acquisition programming have been positive, one reinforcement arrangement has not consistently produced superior results over other arrangements across learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We identified three studies that involved the evaluation of multiple differential reinforcement arrangements (Boudreau, Vladescu, Kodak, Argott, & Kisamore, ; Cividini‐Motta & Ahearn, ; Fiske et al, ). The results of these comparison studies suggest that the most effective reinforcement arrangement was inconsistent across participants.…”

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confidence: 99%

An assessment of differential reinforcement procedures for learners with autism spectrum disorder

Johnson

Vladescu

Kodak

et al. 2017

J of App Behav Analysis

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Differential reinforcement procedures may promote unprompted correct responding, resulting in a quicker transfer of stimulus control than nondifferential reinforcement. Recent studies that have compared reinforcement arrangements have found that the most effective arrangement may differ across participants. The current study conducted an assessment of differential reinforcement arrangements (i.e., quality, schedule, and magnitude) and nondifferential reinforcement to identify the most effective arrangement for each participant. The assessment phase showed that the quality arrangement was the most efficient for all participants during auditory-visual matching. Next, a validation phase was conducted to evaluate whether the assessment would predict the most effective arrangement across multiple skills. The results from the assessment phase were validated for all participants for the same skill. However, the results were only validated for one participant during the other skills (i.e., tact and intraverbal). The results are discussed in light of previous research and future areas of research.

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The Effects of Magnitude-Based Differential Reinforcement on the Skill Acquisition of Children with Autism

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Resurgence as Choice

Resurgence as Choice

The effects of reinforcement magnitude on skill acquisition for children with autism

An assessment of differential reinforcement procedures for learners with autism spectrum disorder

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