The effects of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrid and harvest date on above- and belowground biomass dynamics, forage yield and quality – A trade-off for carbon inputs?

Komainda, Martin; Taube, F.; Kluß, Christof; Herrmann, A.

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2017.10.003

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For temperate grasslands annual C sequestrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 t/ha have been reported (Grace, 2004;Soussana and Lüscher, 2007). Arable cropping systems often show a decline in SOC (Clivot et al, 2019), particularly when following grassland conversion (Steinmann et al, 2016), and silage maize production systems have been shown to have a negative soil SOM balance (Komainda et al, 2018). Contrary to our hypothesis, root growth was not consistently affected by the release year.…”

Section: Effects Of Release Year On Belowground Biomasscontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Intensive silage maize systems in Northwest Europe are associated with high soil OM losses (Komainda et al, 2018b) and high N surpluses (Struck et al, 2019), with a high risk of nitrate leaching losses (Bos et al, 2013). Quantification of carbon inputs through plants residues and roots is important for calculating a carbon balance for these systems, while a high N fertiliser use efficiency (NfUE) is important for protecting our groundwater and limiting further groundwater deterioration (Komainda et al, 2018a;Shepherd et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects?

et al. 2020

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Yield increases in forage maize (Zea mays L.) in NW Europe over time are well documented. The driving causes for these, however, remain unclear as there is little information available regarding the role of plant traits triggering this yield progress. Ten different hybrids from the same maturity group, which have typically been cultivated in Northwest Germany from 1970 to recent and are thus representing breeding progress over four decades, were selected for a 2-year field study in northern Germany. Traits that were investigated included leaf area index, leaf architecture, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency, root mass, root length density, and turnover. Based on a mixed model analysis with these traits as co-variates, parameters related to leaf characteristics, in particular the number and length of leaves, the radiation use efficiency, and the leaf orientation, were identified as most influential on the yield progress (0.13 tons ha-1 year-1). In contrast to our hypothesis, root biomass only increased negligibly in newer hybrids compared to older ones, confirming the 'functional equilibrium' theory for high input production systems. Due to an abundance of nutrients and water in such high input systems, there is no incentive for breeders to select for carbon partitioning toward the rooting system. Breeding evidence to increase forage quality were also negligible, with no change in cob starch concentration, forage digestibility, nor NDF content and NDF digestibility. The observed increase in yield over the last four decades is due to a combination of increased temperature sums (~240 GDD within 40 years), and a higher radiation interception and radiation use efficiency. This higher radiation interception was driven by an increased leaf area index, with a higher number of leaves (16 instead of 14 leaves within 40 years) and longer leaves of newer compared to older hybrids. Future selection and adaptation of maize hybrids to changing environmental conditions are likely to be the key for high productivity and quality and for the economic viability of maize growing and expansion in Northern Europe.

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Section: Effects Of Release Year On Belowground Biomasscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects?

et al. 2020

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“…A significantly lower content of crude ash was noted in plants of all maize cultivars harvested in the stage of milky ripeness in 2010, and the lowest in plants of all maize cultivars harvested in the stage of waxy ripeness, also in 2010, the year with the highest precipitation total. Also Filya (2004), Stejskalova et al (2013) and Komainda et al (2018) demonstrated that, irrespective of the weather conditions, postponement of maize plants harvest from the stage of early milky ripeness to the stage of waxy ripeness caused a decrease in the content of crude ash. In the experiment presented here, plants of all maize cultivars harvested in the stage of tasseling in 2009 had the highest content of crude ash.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of precipitation and temperature conditions of Central East Poland on feed value of European maize cultivars cultivated for silage

Gasiorowska¹,

Płaza²,

Rzążewska³

et al. 2019

Acta Agroph.

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The study was conducted in the years 2009-2011, on a private farm. The experiment was set up in the split-plot design, in three replicates. Two experimental factors were analysed: Atime of harvest of maize green forage: I-in the stage of tasseling (75% of the plants in that stage of growth), II-in the stage of milky ripeness of the plants (after three weeks), III-in the stage of waxy ripeness of the plants (after three weeks), and B-cultivars with various lengths of the vegetation period: Pyroxenia, Codimi, Moschus, Alombo, Celive. The following parameters were determined in the collected samples of plant material: content of crude ash, digestibility of organic matter, and digestibility of dry matter. The results obtained permit the conclusion that the precipitation and temperature conditions in the years of the study caused a significant differentiation in the feed value of the green forage of the European maize cultivars. The digestibility of organic matter (OM) and the digestibility of dry matter (DM) of maize green forage were the highest if the harvest was performed in the stage of waxy ripeness of the plants in 2010, a year with the highest precipitation total. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the harvest date, and of the selection of cultivars from the Common catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species (CCA), cultivated in relation to the precipitation and temperature conditions, on the feed value of green forage of maize plants. K e y w o r d s: maize, cultivars, harvest date, digestibility of organic matter, digestibility of dry matter

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“…In addition, the combinations provided at least a certain amount of organic matter (OM). This may be valuable as maize leaves a limited amount of crop residues and its cultivation tends to reduce soil organic matter and humus (Karpenstein-Machan, 2013;Komainda et al, 2018). Several studies have suggested that the combination of organic and mineral fertilizers can improve the regulation of N supply and enhance the effect of the two fertilizer types.…”

Section: Effect Of Fertilizer Treatments On Yield Performance Of the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizing Potential of Separated Biogas Digestates in Annual and Perennial Biomass Production Systems

Ehmann

Thumm

Lewandowski

2018

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Digestates produced by the increasing number of biogas plants require appropriate treatment or recycling. This study investigates the fertilizing potential of separated biogas digestates. These contain valuable nutrients and can be used in agriculture to close the nutrient cycle. Multi-year field experiments were established at two challenging sites in south-west Germany in 2010; results from 6 years are shown here. The objectives were to determine (1) whether separated digestates can complement or substitute mineral fertilizers and (2) their effect on long-term yield performance in different biomass cropping and fertilization systems. The fertilizing performance was assessed in a split-plot design with four replications using three cropping systems: (1) perennial grassland; (2) intercropping of triticale and clover grass; (3) silage maize. Five N fertilization treatments were applied, each at 150 kg N ha −1 :• mineral fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate) • combined solid digestate fraction and mineral fertilizer • solid digestate fraction • combined liquid digestate fraction and mineral fertilizer • liquid digestate fraction.The influences of site, cropping system, year and fertilization treatment were highly significant.The mineral fertilizer and combination "liquid digestate fraction + mineral fertilizer" mostly led to the highest quantitative biomass yields in all cropping systems at both sites. Fertilization with solid digestate fraction produced lowest yields in all fertilized plots, with results very often not significantly different from the untreated control. Maize achieved relatively high yields in years with favorable weather conditions; unfavorable conditions led to low yields. The grassland and intercropping systems were less susceptible to weather conditions, producing a more constant biomass supply irrespective of site, treatment and year. The separated biogas digestates were found to have a comparable effect to mineral fertilizer on biomass yield, but this varied with cropping system. In the intercropping system, complete substitution was Ehmann et al. Fertilizing With Separated Biogas Digestates possible. The solid fraction is more likely to contribute positively to soil humus in annual systems. In general, the combined application of digestate and mineral fertilizer is highly recommendable to meet crops' short-and long-term N demand, even on challenging sites. In this study, it allowed a mineral fertilizer input reduction of 66%.

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The effects of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrid and harvest date on above- and belowground biomass dynamics, forage yield and quality – A trade-off for carbon inputs?

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects?

Yield Progress in Forage Maize in NW Europe—Breeding Progress or Climate Change Effects?

Effect of precipitation and temperature conditions of Central East Poland on feed value of European maize cultivars cultivated for silage

Fertilizing Potential of Separated Biogas Digestates in Annual and Perennial Biomass Production Systems

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