The effects of mantle composition on the peridotite solidus: Implications for the magmatic history of Mars

Kiefer, W. S.; Filiberto, J.; Sandu, Constantin; Li, Qingsong

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.010

Cited by 37 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Cases with a thinner crust require H cr at least 1.2 and 1.7 times higher than the gamma-ray measurements for crustal thicknesses of 45 and 29.5 km, respectively, to satisfy the large present-day elastic lithosphere thickness at the north pole (cases 109 and 126). However, a large enrichment of the crust makes it difficult to obtain present-day melting in the mantle, even when using the most recent solidus estimates of the martian mantle (Kiefer et al, 2015;Ruedas & Breuer, 2017), as the latter is considerably depleted. In addition, a thin crust is less efficient in insulating the mantle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thermal State and Interior Structure of Mars

Plesa

Padovan

Tosi

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

158

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The present‐day thermal state, interior structure, composition, and rheology of Mars can be constrained by comparing the results of thermal history calculations with geophysical, petrological, and geological observations. Using the largest‐to‐date set of 3‐D thermal evolution models, we find that a limited set of models can satisfy all available constraints simultaneously. These models require a core radius strictly larger than 1,800 km, a crust with an average thickness between 48.8 and 87.1 km containing more than half of the planet's bulk abundance of heat producing elements, and a dry mantle rheology. A strong pressure dependence of the viscosity leads to the formation of prominent mantle plumes producing melt underneath Tharsis up to the present time. Heat flow and core size estimates derived from the InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission will increase the set of constraining data and help to confine the range of admissible models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thermal State and Interior Structure of Mars

Plesa

Padovan

Tosi

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

158

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“…The northern crustal thickness is also constrained to values of 30-45 km for both UCM and NUCM simulations. We note, however, that taking into account the lower solidus of Kiefer et al (2015) rather than that provided by Takahashi (1990) would make melt formation easier and thus extend the range of admissible parameters to thinner southern crusts more enriched in radioelements. Finally, we observe that none of our suitable models predicts present-day melt formation in the north, in good agreement with observations.…”

Section: Accounting For Recent Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hemispheric Dichotomy in Lithosphere Thickness on Mars Caused by Differences in Crustal Structure and Composition

et al. 2018

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Estimates of the Martian elastic lithosphere thickness suggest small values of ∼25 km during the Noachian for the southern hemisphere and a large present‐day difference below the two polar caps (≥300 km in the north and >110 km in the south). In addition, young lava flows suggest that Mars has been volcanically active up to the recent past. We run Monte Carlo simulations using a 1‐D parameterized thermal evolution model to investigate whether a north/south hemispheric dichotomy in crustal properties and composition can explain these constraints. Our results suggest that 55–65% of the bulk radioelement content are in the crust, and most of it (43–51%) in the southern one. The southern crust can be up to 480 kg/m3 less dense than the northern one and might contain a nonnegligible proportion of felsic rocks. Our models predict a dry mantle and a wet or dry crustal rheology today. This is consistent with a mantle depleted in radioelements and volatiles. We retrieve north/south surface heat flux of 17.1–19.5 mW/m2 and 24.8–26.5 mW/m2, respectively, and a large difference in lithospheric temperatures between the two hemispheres (170–304 K in the shallow mantle). This difference could leave a signature in the seismic signals measured by the future InSight mission.

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“…This inconsistency could be due to the different starting materials (K‐bearing synthetic Homestead chondrites vs. K‐free DW composition) employed. As a result, the DW solidus parameterizations (Collinet et al, ; Duncan et al, ; Filiberto & Dasgupta, ; Kiefer et al, ) inspired by these experiments also start to diverge widely above 3 GPa (Figure ). For example, Collinet et al () suggested a solidus fit up to 8 GPa following the slope of the terrestrial peridotite solidus (Hirschmann, ) but maintaining 50 °C offset between the Martian and terrestrial mantle solidus, as observed over 0–2.2 GPa, (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Solidus and Melt Productivity of Nominally Anhydrous Martian Mantle Constrained by New High Pressure‐Temperature Experiments—Implications for Crustal Production and Mantle Source Evolution

2020

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We constrained the solidus of a model Martian composition with low bulk Mg# (molar MgO/(MgO + FeO T ) × 100~75) and high total alkali (Na 2 O + K 2 O = 1.09 wt.%) concentration at 2 to 5 GPa by experiments. Based on the new solidus brackets, we provide a new parameterization of the solidus temperature as a function of pressure of Martian mantle: T s (°C) = − 5P (GPa) 2 + 107P(GPa) + 1,068. The newly constrained solidus of the Lodders and Fegley (1997; https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996 model Martian composition (LF composition) is 20 to 90°C lower than the previous solidus of model Martian mantle with lower total alkali (~0.54 wt.%). The supersolidus experiments yield an average isobaric melt productivity, dF/dT, of 20 ± 6 wt.%/100°C. We also bracketed the solidi of model Martian mantle compositions with low Mg# (~75) and low alkali (~0.54 wt.%), and with high Mg# (~80) and low alkali (~0.54 wt.%) at a constant pressure of 3 GPa. We find that bulk Mg# enhances the solidus temperature and bulk total alkalis suppress it. A parameterization that estimates the effect of bulk Mg# and total alkalis on peridotite solidus, including Mars and Earth, at 3 GPa can be described as: T s (°C) = 4.23Mg # − 85(Na 2 O(wt. %) + K 2 O(wt. %)) + 1,120. Based on the new solidus parameterizations, 10-40 km more Martian crust would be produced by columnar decompression melting for LF model composition compared to the low Mg#-low alkali model composition. The quantitative constraints on the solidus shift with Mg# and total alkalis from this study can be used to assess the Martian mantle solidus change through melting and melt extraction over time and the role of mantle heterogeneity in crustal production.Plain Language Summary Mantle solidus at a given pressure is the temperature at which the rocky planet's mantle starts to melt and generate magmas. The location of the solidus of dry Martian mantle is the most critical information required to understand the magma generation on Mars, affecting both the thickness and composition of Martian crust. We constrained the solidus of a dry Martian mantle at the depth range between 100 and 400 km using high-pressure, high-temperature experiments. We also investigated the effect of composition of Martian mantle on the solidus and the near-solidus melt productivity. Based on the experimental results, we provide equations to calculate the mantle solidus temperature as a function of pressure and mantle composition, respectively. Our results are used to estimate crustal thickness on a Martian mantle melting column. Our data can be used to predict how the mantle solidus and melt productivity changed through time for differentiation in a single plate planet without crustal recycling.

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The effects of mantle composition on the peridotite solidus: Implications for the magmatic history of Mars

Cited by 37 publications

References 73 publications

The Thermal State and Interior Structure of Mars

The Thermal State and Interior Structure of Mars

Hemispheric Dichotomy in Lithosphere Thickness on Mars Caused by Differences in Crustal Structure and Composition

The Solidus and Melt Productivity of Nominally Anhydrous Martian Mantle Constrained by New High Pressure‐Temperature Experiments—Implications for Crustal Production and Mantle Source Evolution

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