The effects of mate separation on pair re-formation in the Texas cichlid fish ()

Makie, D.; Itzkowitz, Murray

doi:10.1016/0376-6357(85)90008-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, if aggression is being displayed in part to reform the pair bond, this may explain why there are noticeable difference in aggression between males and females when they are introduced to novel partners. Female aggression has been suggested to control male access to offspring in order to facilitate sex-specific parental care activity ( Itzkowitz 1984 ; Mackie and Itzkowitz 1985 ). In the presence of a former partner, female aggression may be displayed in order to reestablish these roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggression between males and females may be based on whether or not individuals will try to attempt to reincorporate themselves with their former partner, and whether or not both members of the pair recognize their partner and the bond. In the Texas cichlid, pair bonds were shown to dissolve once pairs were separated for 4 or 10 days, and both males and females would attack their returned mate often to the point of injury or death ( Mackie and Itzkowitz 1985 ) . However, the fish in this study were separated immediately after eggs were laid, and were not examined for parental care activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single parents must invest more in care for offspring, though often not as efficiently as intact pairs ( Wynne-Edwards 1987 ; Bart and Tornes 1989 ; Lavery and Reebs 1994 ; Snekser and Itzkowitz 2014 ). Mackie and Itzkowitz (1985) observed that separation and reintroduction of Texas cichlids ( Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum ) during parental care was successful based on time, with pairs more likely to reunite after a single day, while separations of 4–10 days resulted in a 50–100% breakdown of the pair bond. Furthermore, it is unclear whether both males and females will attempt to resolve conflict by reforming a pair, though theoretical work has indicated that conflicts over parental investment may be accompanied by periods of negotiation in which both parents allocate how much care they are prepared to provide ( Houston and Davies 1995 ; McNamara et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and Endocrine Alterations to Partner Interactions and Offspring Care during Periods of Conflict

Paciorek

Joseph

2020

Integrative Organismal Biology

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Biparental care has evolved to ensure successful rearing of offspring. However, separation during periods of care can lead to conflicts that might negatively impact pair bonds and offspring care. In this study, pair-bonded convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) were observed for changes in behavior toward their partners and offspring before and after a period of separation. Males and females were designated either as a Resident (remain with offspring) or Removed (separated from partner and offspring for 5 days) individual. Behaviors between partners and toward offspring were measured before and after separation, and compared to the levels of behavior of control pairs (never separated), as well as individuals introduced to a novel partner instead. Cortisol levels of Resident male and female A. nigrofasciata were assayed using water-borne hormone collection before and after separation. Aggression between pair bond members did increase following reintroduction, but did not lead to the termination of pair bonds. Resident females showed more aggression to novel partners than Resident males. Offspring care decreased in both Resident and Removed females. Experimental pairs decreased the amount of time spent interacting with intruders. Cortisol levels were significantly higher among experimental pairs compared with control pairs that did not experience a separation. Females (both control and experimental) showed small, yet significant increases in cortisol levels, while both control and experimental males did not. These results suggest that while pair bonds appear resilient, prolonged separations influence pair bond and parental care dynamics, both behaviorally and hormonally, and require pairs to re-establish roles, resulting in less time caring for offspring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral and Endocrine Alterations to Partner Interactions and Offspring Care during Periods of Conflict

Paciorek

Joseph

2020

Integrative Organismal Biology

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“…But shouldn't a female first diminish the risk of the male leaving permanently? Excluding him from care seems inconsistent, because caring for brood can increase a male's attachment (Krischik & Weber 1974), whereas a longer separation favours filial cannibalism (Makie & Itzkowitz 1985). But it might be that such sensitization, if it exists, would accrue most benefits to females paired with uncommited males, who also risk improper care or cannibalism.…”

Section: The Role Typesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Parental care of Tilapia mariae in the field and in aquaria

Schwanck

1989

Environ Biol Fish

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SynopsisParental care of Tilapia mariae was observed in nature (Ethiop River, Nigeria) and in aquaria with or without intruders present. In the field, 2530% of nests are guarded by one parent, normally the female. It is assumed that most missing males have deserted. Males who participate in brood care exhibit both close brood guarding and brood defence at a lower level than females, and hence seem to invest less than females. Broods were guarded under three distinct types: (1) female at the brood, male in surroundings, (2) parents take turns, or (3) parents stay together at the brood. Each pair used predominantly one type until the young swam freely, thereafter type 3. Females defended most in type 3, but male attack rate did not differ among the types. Type 3 seems related to increased risk of brood predation and type 2 to the female's foraging needs, being more common when she is small and the mates do not differ much in size. The unequal guarding times of type 1 indicate rather a low parental investment by the male (and thus risk of desertion) than specialization in roles on equal investment basis. Parental behaviour exhibited in aquaria differed in many ways from that in nature. The role types were indistinct and there were more signs of motivational conflict between the mates. Isolated pairs avoided joint guarding in the embryo period and while switching, female turns were much longer than male turns, unlike in nature. When intruders were added, males attacked them more than did females.

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Disruption in cortisol synchrony and pair-dissolution in the serially monogamous convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)

Bryant,

Rodgers

2024

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The effects of mate separation on pair re-formation in the Texas cichlid fish ()

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Behavioral and Endocrine Alterations to Partner Interactions and Offspring Care during Periods of Conflict

Behavioral and Endocrine Alterations to Partner Interactions and Offspring Care during Periods of Conflict

Parental care of Tilapia mariae in the field and in aquaria

Disruption in cortisol synchrony and pair-dissolution in the serially monogamous convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)

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