The Effects of Message Framing Within the Stages of Change on Smoking Cessation Intentions and Behaviors

Cornacchione, Jennifer; Smith, Sandi W.

doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.619252

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To check the message-framing manipulation, we included a single item after participants viewed the cigarette packs that read ‘The information on the packs focused on the benefits of quitting smoking’ with a 5-point Likert-type response ranging from 1 (‘Strongly disagree’) to 5 (‘Strongly agree’) 20. Plain packaging has been shown to increase occasional smokers’ attention to pictorial cigarette warnings using methods such as eye tracking 21.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

et al. 2014

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Objective This study examined the impact of pictorial cigarette warning labels, warning label message framing, and plain cigarette packaging on young adult smokers’ motivation to quit. Methods Smokers ages 18–30 (n=740) from a consumer research panel were randomized to one of four experimental conditions where they viewed online images of 4 cigarette packs with warnings about lung disease, cancer, stroke/heart disease, and death, respectively. Packs differed across conditions by warning message framing (gain versus loss) and packaging (branded versus plain). Measures captured demographics, smoking behavior, covariates, and motivation to quit in response to cigarette packs. Results Pictorial warnings about lung disease and cancer generated the strongest motivation to quit across conditions. Adjusting for pre-test motivation and covariates, a message framing by packaging interaction revealed gain-framed warnings on plain packs generated greater motivation to quit for lung disease, cancer, and mortality warnings (p < 0.05), compared with loss-framed warnings on plain packs. Conclusions Warnings combining pictorial depictions of smoking-related health risks with text-based messages about how quitting reduces risks may achieve better outcomes among young adults, especially in countries considering or implementing plain packaging regulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

et al. 2014

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“…12,13 Message believability is also associated with knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, 14 and is an important mediator between message exposure and subsequent smoking-related behaviors. 12,13 One study assessing the effects of message believability showed that message believability was associated with intention to engage in smoking cessation behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Believability of new diseases reported in the 2014 Surgeon General's Report on smoking: Experimental results from a national survey of US adults

Francis

Noar

Kowitt

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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Background Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death globally. The 2014 Surgeon General’s Report included new diseases linked to smoking, including liver and colon cancer, diabetes and tuberculosis. As more diseases are linked to smoking, which diseases should we communicate to the public and what message source has the most impact? Methods Data were collected through a nationally representative phone survey of US adults (N=5,014), conducted from September 2014 through May 2015. We experimentally randomized participants to a 2 (new smoking disease messages- liver and colon cancers compared to diabetes and tuberculosis) by 4 (message sources-CDC, FDA, Surgeon General, and none) experiment. The outcome was message believability. Results About half the sample was female (51.5%) and 17.8% were a current smoker. Overall, 56% of participants said the messages were very believable. Cancer messages (liver and colon cancer) were significantly more believable than messages about chronic disease (tuberculosis and diabetes), 61% vs. 52%. Smokers were less likely to report both sets of new disease messages as very believable compared to non-smokers. Significantly more smokers intending to quit (44.5%) found the messages to be very believable compared to smokers not intending to quit (22.6%). Believability did not differ by message source. Conclusion Important differences exist in believability of disease messages about new tobacco-related information. Messages emphasizing the causal link between smoking and new diseases should be considered for use in mass media campaigns.

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“…[11][12][13][14] Informed by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), 15 a recent meta-analysis showed the impact of lossframed appeals is increased when such messages also include content to promote efficacy beliefs that behavior change leads to positive outcomes or engender self-efficacy for behavior change. 16 Another meta-analysis of cigarette warning label research drew similar conclusions, showing that loss-framed appeals are impactful among smokers with high efficacy beliefs (e.g., self-efficacy to quit) and gain-framed messages are most impactful among smokers with high perceived risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Pictorial Cigarette Warning Labels to Motivate Young Smokers to Quit

Mays

Turner

Zhao

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires new pictorial warnings for U.S. cigarette packs, but enactment has been delayed by tobacco industry lawsuits. Research can inform implementation of the pictorial warning requirement and identify ways to optimize their public health impact post-implementation. This study investigated the impact of warning label message framing on young smokers' motivation to quit, examining cessation selfefficacy, and perceived risks as moderators of message framing impact. Methods: Smokers ages 18-30 (n = 740) completed baseline measures and were randomized to view 4 images of cigarette packs with pictorial health warnings featuring gain-or loss-framed messages. Motivation to quit was assessed after participants viewed the pack images. Linear models accounting for repeated measures and adjusting for baseline covariates examined the impact of message framing and interactions with baseline self-efficacy to quit and perceived risks of smoking. Results: Loss-framed warnings prompted significantly greater motivation to quit among smokers with high self-efficacy compared with smokers with low self-efficacy. Among smokers with low self-efficacy, gain-framed messages were superior to loss-framed messages. Gain-framed warnings generated significantly greater motivation to quit among smokers with high perceived risks compared with smokers with low perceived risks. Among smokers with high perceived risks, gainframed messages were superior to loss-framed messages. Conclusions: A combination of pictorial warnings featuring risk-based (i.e., loss-framed) and efficacy-enhancing (i.e., gain-framed) information may promote better public health outcomes. Research is needed to investigate how strategically framed warning messages impact smokers' behaviors based on their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs in real-world settings.

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The Effects of Message Framing Within the Stages of Change on Smoking Cessation Intentions and Behaviors

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers

Believability of new diseases reported in the 2014 Surgeon General's Report on smoking: Experimental results from a national survey of US adults

Framing Pictorial Cigarette Warning Labels to Motivate Young Smokers to Quit

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