The Effects of Methotrexate, Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract, and Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract on the Testes of Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Abstract

MTX has the potential to stimulate 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and regulate glucose uptake, and promote lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Pharmacological activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle plays a role in enhancing glucose uptake without insulin mediation. As a result, it is very beneficial for patients with T1DM. 6 Moringa oleifera (MO) and Andrographis paniculata (AP) leaf extracts have been reported to be very beneficial for diabetes mellitus patients in terms of controlling blood sugar levels. [7][8][9] Previous studies have reported that MO and AP leaf extracts reduce the negative effects of chronic hyperglycemia on various tissues. 10,11 In addition, it has been reported that the potential anti-inflammatory effects of MO and AP leaf extracts is due to the suppression activity of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) pathway. [12][13][14][15] This study investigates the potential antihyperglycemic and antiinflammatory effects of MTX, MO, and AP on the testes of male rodents with STZ-NA-induced hyperglycemia. We examined the individual and combined effects of these agents on the interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in testicular tissue, number of Leydig cells, diameter and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules, and Johnsen score. [16][17][18] Materials and Methods Drugs and chemicalsThis study used the following materials: streptozotocin (STZ) made in the United States by BioWorld with a batch number 41910012-2, nicotinamide (NA) made in India by Jubilant Ingrevia with a batch number B-2208-NIA049, methotrexate made in Indonesia by PT Kalbe

The Role of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Tempol Against Liver Injury after Acetaminophen Subacute Exposure in Mice

“…The histopathological patterns of the liver of all experimental mice, were examined.The process begins with the euthanasia of the mouse by diethyl ether (Thomas Baker India). The euthanasia of the mice was conducted using diethyl ether within a close chamber, also known as a dissector (Nasution et al, 2023). This method involves the administration of diethyl ether vapor in a controlled…”