The Effects of Microwave Diathermy On the Eye

Daily, Louis; Wakim, Khalil G.; Herrick, J. F.; Parkhill, Edith M.; Benedict, William L.

doi:10.1109/iret-me.1956.5008556

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Microwaves have been shown to produce lens opacity in some experimental animals, notably rabbits (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Microwave-induced cataracts have also been reported in man (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Effects On the Ocular Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Microwaves: Problems and Perspectives

Michaelson¹

1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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During the last 25 years, there has been a remarkable development and increase in the number of processes and devices that utilize or emit microwaves. Such devices are used in all sectors of our society for military, industrial, telecommunications, and consumer applications. Although there is information on biologic effects and potential hazard to man from exposure to microwaves, considerable confusion and misinformation has permeated not only the public press but also some scientific and technical publications. The purpose of this review is to place the available information on biologic effects of microwaves in proper perspective and to suggest approaches to future studies.

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Section: Effects On the Ocular Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Microwaves: Problems and Perspectives

Michaelson¹

1974

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…The cooling effect of blood circulation on the eyeball may be disturbed by general anesthesia, although the authors still do not know the extent to which it is disturbed. Daily et al [1950] has already pointed out the importance of the blood circulation: ''blood circulation in the vascular tunics adjacent to the aqueous and vitreous efficiently carries away a large part of the heat produced in these media by exposure of microwave. ''…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ocular effects, including cataracts of high intensity exposure, are among those effects of microwave exposure [Daily et al, 1948;Richardson et al, 1948]. Recently, Elder [2003] published a comprehensive review of the literature on ocular effects induced by radio frequency exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves

Kojima

Hata

Wake³

et al. 2004

Bioelectromagnetics

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To investigate the effect of systemic anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves, one eye each of 43 male pigmented rabbits (Dutch, 1.8-2.2 kg) was exposed at 2.45 GHz for 60-20 min (300 mW/cm2; 108 W/kg), either under anesthesia (ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) + xylazine (0.23 mg/kg)) or without anesthesia. Changes in the anterior segment were evaluated by image analysis utilizing a Scheimpflug camera, specular microscopy, and a laser flare cell meter. Temperatures within the eye were measured during microwave exposure by a Fluoroptic thermometer. The exposed eyes showed miosis, conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, and an increase in the light scattering of the anterior shallow cortex in the pupillary area of the lens. The group under systemic anesthesia showed much stronger symptoms than those treated without anesthesia. All of the anterior ocular changes disappeared within a week. The highest temperature during exposure was in the vitreous, followed by the anterior chamber, and the retrobulbar cavity of the orbit. The ocular temperatures of the rabbits under systemic anesthesia were 2-9 degrees C higher than those without anesthesia. Body temperature showed an increase of 1 degrees C during the exposure. Acute high intensity microwave exposure temporarily induced anterior segments inflammation and lens changes. The more pronounced ocular effects in the anesthetized rabbits were associated with the significantly higher ocular temperatures in the anesthetized animals. The influence of systemic anesthesia on ocular changes should be considered.

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“…48 By the mid 1940s, research expanded to examine possible relationships between microwaves and the unusual incidence of cataracts in the eyes of personnel who worked in the microwave industry. 49 By 1957, the scope of research expanded further as scientists probed the death of a young military member who died from an apparent overexposure to radar energy. 50 Research on effects of large doses of microwaves on various human organs continued through the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.…”

Section: Continuous Wave Microwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed Energy Weapons on the Battlefield: A New Vision for 2025

Geiss¹,

John²

2003

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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The Effects of Microwave Diathermy On the Eye

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of Exposure to Microwaves: Problems and Perspectives

Effects of Exposure to Microwaves: Problems and Perspectives

Influence of anesthesia on ocular effects and temperature in rabbit eyes exposed to microwaves

Directed Energy Weapons on the Battlefield: A New Vision for 2025

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