“…Also, the quantity and quality of primary schoolchildren's interactions and comments on specific platforms designed for mobile phones were able to predict final grades (Boticki et al, 2015). However, some previous studies found that, although students enjoyed the experience of using mobile phones for learning activities, there were small or non-significant negative effects on performance between the use of mobile phones and other electronic devices (Garcia-Cabot, de-Marcos, & Garcia-Lopez, 2015; Kates, Wu, & Coryn, 2018;Romero, Ventura, & de Bra, 2009), and that students using mobile phones while performing learning activities were less engaged and demonstrated less critical thinking (Q. Chen & Yan, 2016;Heflin et al, 2017;Junco & Cotten, 2012).…”