The effects of monolayers on the evaporation of liquids

Barnes, G.T

doi:10.1016/0001-8686(86)80004-5

Cited by 152 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 259 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

121

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Affecting growth kinetics: It is known that film monolayer of certain compounds (called "film-forming compounds-FFC" by Feingold and Chuang, 2002) can inhibit the rate of condensation and evaporation (Barnes, 1986;Rubel and Gentry, 1984;Chuang, 2003). This inhibition is expressed through the water accommodation coefficient (Eq.…”

Section: Organic Aerosol-cloud Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The present paper reviews existing knowledge with regard to Organic Aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defines critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties. All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous particles and SOA precursor gases are summarized. The up-to-date understanding of the chemical formation and transformation of condensable organic material is outlined. Knowledge on the hygroscopicity of OA and measurements of optical properties of the organic aerosol constituents are summarized. The mechanisms of interactions of OA with clouds and dry and wet removal processes parameterisations in global models are outlined. This information is synthesized to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosol. The sources of uncertainties at each step of this process are highlighted as areas that require further studies.

show abstract

Section: Organic Aerosol-cloud Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sjogren et al (2004) found that (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -adipic acid particles (50 wt% and 76wt% adipic acid) exhibited a lower G f at a residence time of less than 4 s than the G f at more than 4 s at 78-91%RH after deliquescence. Xiong et al (1998) found that submicrometer sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) particles attained their equilibrium size within 6 s. On the other hand, the G f of H 2 SO 4 particles coated with three monolayers of lauric acid further increased as the residence time increased from 6 s to 10 s, providing evidence that the coated H 2 SO 4 particles had not yet reached their equilibrium size within 6 s. Organic films can act a physical barrier to retard the water condensation (or evaporation) rate in planar solutions and on particle surfaces (Gill et al, 1983;Barnes, 1986) and can lower the accommodation coefficient (Pandis et al, 1995). A summary of laboratory studies on the evaporation and condensation rates of water vapor from particles in the presence of organic films has been presented by Chuang (2003).…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transfer effects in hygroscopic measurements of aerosol particles

Chan

2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.The tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) has been widely utilized to measure the hygroscopicity of laboratory-generated and atmospheric submicrometer particles. An important concern in investigating the hygroscopicity of the particles is if the particles have attained equilibrium state in the measurements. We present a literature survey to investigate the mass transfer effects in hygroscopicity measurements. In most TDMA studies, a residence time in the order of seconds is used for humidification (or dehumidification). NaCl and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles are usually used to verify the equilibrium measurements during this residence time, which is presumed to be sufficient for other particles. There have been observations that not all types of submicrometer particles, including atmospheric particles, attain their equilibrium sizes within this time scale. We recommend that experimentation with different residence times be conducted and that the residence time should be explicitly stated in future TDMA measurements. Mass transfer effects may also exist in the measurements of other properties related to the water uptake of atmospheric particles such as relative humidity dependent light scattering coefficients and cloud condensation nuclei activity.

show abstract

“…Several techniques were implemented and tested during recent decades (Brown, 1988), however, most of them were not efficient in the long term, or were not technologically or economically viable in reducing evaporation from dams. Among these techniques were the application of floating synthetic mono-layers on the water surface (Barnes, 1986), mixing systems to reduce the thermal stratification of the water (Koberg and Ford, 1965), floating bodies to reduce mass and energy exchanges at the inter-phase water to atmosphere (Laing, 1991;Daigo and Phaovattana, 1999), the application of different colours to modifying the water albedo (Cooley, 1983) and the use of trees as windbreaks (Hipsey and Sivapalan, 2003;Hipsey et al, 2004). Among the most efficient solutions, the use of shade (films supported by a metal frame) significantly reduces evaporation (Crow and Manges, 1967;Cluff, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of black polyethylene shade covers on the evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs

Álvarez

Baille

Molina-Martínez

et al. 2006

Span. j. agric. res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential use of shade covers to reduce evaporation from agricultural reservoirs motivated this study on the effect of black polyethylene shade on the evaporation rate from a small water body (Class-A pan) and of its driving variables. Evaporation was measured hourly in two pans during the summer in Cartagena (Spain), along with the measurements of air temperature and humidity, water temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. The first pan was uncovered whereas the second pan was covered with black polyethylene shade as either a single or double-layer. The main factors influencing reduced evaporation (mass transfer coefficient and surface-to-air vapour pressure deficit) were analyzed, focusing on the changes in the uncovered pan. In the shaded pan there was a decrease in daily evaporation of 75 and 83% for single and double-layer shade respectively. Condensation on the shade was considerable and was 14 and 21% of the daily evaporation losses for the single and double-layer shade respectively. It was concluded that (i) black polyethylene shade appears to be an efficient way to reduce evaporative loss from agricultural reservoirs, and (ii) an economic analysis of their implementation under the current scarce water supply, for agriculture, in southern Spain justified their use.Additional key words: class-A pan, condensation, economic viability, farm dams, mass transfer coefficient, scale effect. ResumenEfectos de las coberturas de sombreo de polietileno negro sobre la evaporación de pequeños embalses agrícolas La posibilidad de emplear coberturas de sombreo para reducir la evaporación en pequeños embalses de uso agrí-cola motivó el análisis de la incidencia de mallas de polietileno negro, tanto en la tasa de evaporación como en las variables microclimáticas implicadas, sobre un tanque evaporímetro Clase A. Durante el verano de 2003 se realizaron medidas de evaporación horaria en dos tanques evaporímetros localizados en Cartagena (España), así como de la temperatura y humedad del aire, la temperatura del agua, la radiación solar y la velocidad del viento. El primer tanque fue cubierto con mallas negras de polietileno, empleando dos configuraciones (simple y doble malla), mientras que el segundo permaneció descubierto durante la experimentación. Se analizaron los principales factores implicados en el proceso de evaporación (coeficiente de transferencia de masa y déficit de presión de vapor entre la superficie de agua y el aire), con especial incidencia en los cambios producidos respecto al tanque descubierto. Los resultados muestran una disminución de la tasa de evaporación diaria del 75 y 83% para las coberturas de simple y doble malla respectivamente. Se observó un importante efecto de recuperación de agua por condensación, que alcanzó el 14 y 21% de las pérdidas diarias por evaporación para las configuraciones de simple y doble malla respectivamente. Las conclusiones del estudio indican que: (i) las coberturas de sombreo de malla negra de polietileno suponen una solución eficiente para reducir las pé...

show abstract

The effects of monolayers on the evaporation of liquids

Cited by 152 publications

References 259 publications

Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review

Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review

Mass transfer effects in hygroscopic measurements of aerosol particles

Effect of black polyethylene shade covers on the evaporation rate of agricultural reservoirs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About