The effects of monomer structure on initiation rate and in homopolymerization

Protein-Repellence PES Membranes Using Bio-grafting of Ortho-aminophenol

“…In general, adding a hydrophilic compound that carries carboxylic, hydroxylic, or aminic groups will result in enhancing the hydrophilicity of the modified surface [60,61]. This phenomenon will be pronounced only in cases where these groups are kept free for bonding to water molecules [62]. As seen in Figure 4, pure water flux of the modified membranes was increased up to 15.4% relative to the blank membrane.…”

“…At 25 °C, the speed (i.e., the speed of colored homopolymers formation was noticed by the naked eyes) of formation a free radical is comparable to the rate of bonding this free radical onto the membrane surface and/or react with other free radicals inside the reaction medium (homopolymer formation) [63,64,65]. The overall speed of the reaction may be slow but the possibility of grafting is probably high [62,63], whereas, at 40 °C, the speed of free radical formation is high and presence of plenty of free radicals cause the acceleration of the reaction of monomers with each other (the homopolymer formation inside the reaction medium was noticeable by naked eye and the homopolymer formation process is faster at 40 °C than at 25 °C reaction temperature). The fast homopolymer formation may result in reducing the possibility of grafting on the membrane surface and increases the chance of adsorption/grafting of ready-formed oligomers on the membrane surface [61].…”