The Effects of Monosodium Glutamate by Product Treated Rice Straw in Total Mixed Rations on Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Microbial Populations Using an In Vitro Gas Technique

Abstract

Rice straw, which is readily available as a major by-product in East and Southeast Asia, has traditionally served as a primary source of roughage for ruminants in Thailand (Foiklang et al., 2016;Wahyono et al., 2021). However, rice straw is characterized by its inherent limitations, notably its low nutritive values, as indicated by a low crude