The Effects of National Academy of Sports Medicine and Sahrmann Training on Foot Pressure Distribution in Flexed Posture Students

Abstract

Objectives: Flexed posture with Hyperkyphosis (HKP) and Forward Head Posture (FHP), due to changes in the spine alignment, lead to the displacement of the center of pressure and increased postural sways; ultimately, this condition disrupts the distribution of foot pressure. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and Sharman training on Foot Pressure Distribution (FPD) in flexed posture students. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 30 students with HKP and FHP were randomly assigned in two groups of NASM and Sahrmann (n=15/group). The angle of HKP and FHP were evaluated by Spinal Mouse and Image J software. FPD was also assessed by a Payatek foot scaner (PT-scan) device. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The present research results suggested that both intervention groups presented significant differences in reducing the angle of HKP (P<0.001) and FHP (P<0.001), COP minor axis length (P<0.05), COP major axis length (P<0.001), COP path length (P<0.001), the standard deviation of internal-external sways (P<0.001), and standard deviation of anterior-posterior sways (P<0.001); however, t there was no significant difference concerning the COP area (P>0.05) and symmetry index between the two legs (P>0.05). Discussion: Both provided corrective exercises reduced HKP and FHP angles and reduced postural sways. However, Sahrmann intervention with adjusted muscle stiffness and reduced electromechanical latency was more effective than NASM exercises in improving postural control and foot pressure symmetry index.

Effects of muscle energy techniques versus corrective exercise programme on pain, range of motion and function in patients with upper cross syndrome: a randomised clinical trial

“…As pain intensity or severity and disability are prominent determinants of the quality of life of the patients [34], even a minor improvement in these domains can have a strong impact on the overall well-being of the patients. These findings are supported by published literature in which the NASM-based exercise protocol has 82 Physiother Quart 2024, 32 (2) shown to be effective in several musculoskeletal disorders [35,36]. Similarly, in a study conducted by Abdolahzad et al [21], 8 weeks of the NASM exercise program is considered one of the most effective ways to restore upper limb performance by increasing strength and flexibility among patients with the upper cross syndrome.…”

“…NASM exercises were mostly performed in weight-bearing positions with close chain motions to mimic real-life activities, thus reducing neck-related functional disability more efficiently, as measured by Ndi. These exercises are actively performed in dynamic patterns by the patient [35].…”

Studying the Relationship Between Aircraft Stability and Shape Based on Hydrodynamics

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