The Effects of Neutrally Buoyant, Externally Attached Transmitters on Swimming Performance and Predator Avoidance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Janak, Jill M.; Brown, Richard S.; Colotelo, Alison H.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Stephenson, John; Deng, Zhiqun; Carlson, Thomas J.; Seaburg, Adam

doi:10.1080/00028487.2012.688915

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a similar study of hatchery smolts, McCleave and Stred [66] found external tags to reduce the critical swimming speed in comparison with untagged control fish and intragastrically tagged fish. In a recent, comprehensive study by Janak et al [67] on hatchery-reared Chinook smolts, the mean Ucrit for control fish was 11 and 22 % higher than the mean for fish tagged with small and large external transmitters, respectively. For juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), the Ucrit of externally tagged fish was lower than that of surgically implanted and sham-tagged (surgical procedure without a tag inserted) groups [68].…”

Section: Swimming Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of external electronic tags on fish: an evaluation of tag retention and tagging effects

et al. 2015

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External tagging of fish with electronic tags has been used for decades for a wide range of marine and freshwater species. In the early years of fish telemetry research, it was the most commonly used attachment method, but later internal implants became preferred. Recently, the number of telemetry studies using external tagging has increased, especially with the development of archival tags (data storage tags, DSTs), pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and other environment-sensing tags. Scientific evaluations of the tagging method are rather scarce for most species. We identified 89 publications, reporting effects of external tagging for 80 different fish species, which constitute the main basis for this review. External attachment holds certain benefits compared to other tagging methods, for example, speed of application, and it may be the only option for fishes with a body shape unsuitable for surgical implantation, or when using tags with sensors recording the external environment. The most commonly reported problems with external tags are tissue damage, premature tag loss, and decreased swimming capacity, but the effects are highly context dependent and species specific. Reduced growth and survival have also been recorded, but direct mortality caused by external tagging seems rare. Most of the studies reviewed evaluate tag retention, survival, and tissue reactions. There is a general need for more research on the effects of external tagging of fish with electronic tags, but particularly there are few studies on predation risk, social interactions, and studies distinguishing capture and handling effects from tagging effects. For PSATs, especially those that are large relative to fish size, there are particular problems with a high proportion of premature tag losses, reduced swimming capacity, and likely increased predation, but there remains a paucity of tag effect studies related to the use of PSATs. Before embarking on a field study employing external tagging with electronic tags, we recommend the use of appropriate pilot studies, controlled where possible, to quantify potential impacts of tagging.

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Section: Swimming Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such effects may be reduced by dying the tag to blend with fish color, thus camouflaging the tag [67]. Bright tag labels with return-information should be kept on the side of the tag towards the fish to reduce the visibility.…”

Section: Social Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of external electronic tags on fish: an evaluation of tag retention and tagging effects

et al. 2015

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“…Additionally, externally attached tags have been shown to influence the hydrodynamics around the fish and can lead to decreased swimming performance and associated energy expenditure given increased frictional drag and flow resistance (Arnold and Holford, 1978;Ross and McCormick, 1981;Mellas and Haynes, 1985;Bridger and Booth, 2003;Jones et al, 2013;Janak et al, 2014). An increase in drag causes a proportional increase in power output of the tagged animal, described by:…”

Section: Tag Load Confounding Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring abnormal rotational movements in free-swimming fish with accelerometers: implications for quantifying tag- and parasite-load

Broell

Burnell

Taggart

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Animal-borne data loggers allow movement, associated behaviours and energy expenditure in fish to be quantified without direct observations. As with any tagging, tags that are attached externally may adversely affect fish behaviour, swimming efficiency and survival. We report on free-swimming wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) held in a large mesocosm that exhibited distinctly aberrant rotational swimming (scouring) when externally tagged with accelerometer data loggers. To quantify the phenomenon, the cod were tagged with two sizes of loggers (18 and 6 g; <2% body mass) that measured tri-axial acceleration at 50 Hz. An automated algorithm, based on body angular rotation, was designed to extract the scouring movements from the acceleration signal (98% accuracy). The algorithm also identified the frequency pattern and associated energy expenditure of scouring in relation to tag load (% body weight). The average per cent time spent scouring (5%) was independent of tag load. The vector of the dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA), used as a proxy for energy expenditure, increased with tag load (r 2 =0.51), and suggests that fish with large tags spent more energy when scouring than fish with small tags. The information allowed us to determine potential detrimental effects of an external tag on fish behaviour and how these effects may be mitigated by tag size. The algorithm can potentially identify similar rotational movements associated with spawning, courtship, feeding and parasite-load shedding in the wild. The results infer a more careful interpretation of data derived from external tags and the careful consideration of tag type, drag, buoyancy and placement, as well as animal buoyancy and species.

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“…When evaluating swimming performance, juvenile Chinook salmon tagged with the neutrally buoyant external transmitters had a lower critical swimming speed ( Ucrit ) than untagged individuals. However, when compared to fish internally implanted with an acoustic transmitter and a passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag (a combined mass of 0.53 g), there was no significant difference in Ucrit [14]. Further, no mortalities or tag loss were observed during exposure to shear forces [7] and the presence of the tag did not increase the fish's susceptibility to barotrauma when compared to untagged fish [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Further research confirmed that the presence of the tag did not affect fish's performance compared to untagged individuals. For example, compared to untagged fish, there were no differences in growth or mortality over a 14-d holding period, or in predator avoidance [7], [14]. When evaluating swimming performance, juvenile Chinook salmon tagged with the neutrally buoyant external transmitters had a lower critical swimming speed ( Ucrit ) than untagged individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Evaluation of an External and Neutrally Buoyant Acoustic Transmitter for Juvenile Salmon: Implications for Estimating Hydroturbine Passage Survival

et al. 2013

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Turbine-passed fish are exposed to rapid decreases in pressure which can cause barotrauma. The presence of an implanted telemetry tag increases the likelihood of injury or death from exposure to pressure changes, thus potentially biasing studies evaluating survival of turbine-passed fish. Therefore, a neutrally buoyant externally attached tag was developed to eliminate this bias in turbine passage studies. This new tag was designed not to add excess mass in water or take up space in the coelom, having an effective tag burden of zero with the goal of reducing pressure related biases to turbine survival studies. To determine if this new tag affects fish performance or susceptibility to predation, it was evaluated in the field relative to internally implanted acoustic transmitters (JSATS; Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System) used widely for survival studies of juvenile salmonids. Survival and travel time through the study reach was compared between fish with either tag type in an area of high predation in the Snake and Columbia rivers, Washington. An additional group of fish affixed with neutrally-buoyant dummy external tags were implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and recovered further downstream to assess external tag retention and injury. There were no significant differences in survival to the first detection site, 12 river kilometers (rkm) downstream of release. Travel times were also similar between groups. Conversely, externally-tagged fish had reduced survival (or elevated tag loss) to the second detection site, 65 rkm downstream. In addition, the retention study revealed that tag loss was first observed in fish recaptured approximately 9 days after release. Results suggest that this new tag may be viable for short term (<8 days) single-dam turbine-passage studies and under these situations, may alleviate the turbine passage-related bias encountered when using internal tags, however further research is needed to confirm this.

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The Effects of Neutrally Buoyant, Externally Attached Transmitters on Swimming Performance and Predator Avoidance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

The use of external electronic tags on fish: an evaluation of tag retention and tagging effects

The use of external electronic tags on fish: an evaluation of tag retention and tagging effects

Measuring abnormal rotational movements in free-swimming fish with accelerometers: implications for quantifying tag- and parasite-load

A Field Evaluation of an External and Neutrally Buoyant Acoustic Transmitter for Juvenile Salmon: Implications for Estimating Hydroturbine Passage Survival

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