The Effects of Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content and Feeding Rate on Glucose and Insulin Response to Meal Feeding in Equine

Gordon, M. E.; Jerina, M.L.; King, Scott L.; Davison, Karen E.; Young, John K.; Raub, R.H.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2007.10.005

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Rodiek and Stull, 2007). Allometric theory suggests that rhinos would have lower circulating glucose concentrations in relation to horses (Umminger, 1975; Gordon et al., 2007; Kjeld and Olafsson, 2008). Using Kjeld and Olafsson’s equation, with the rhinos’ body weights of 1400–2050 kg, we would expect glucose measurements to range from 1.29 to 1.8 mmol/l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glucose values from the handheld meter and the laboratory analysis were correlated using a Pearson’s correlation test in SPSS (2007). Area under the curve (AUC) glucose profiles were calculated using the zeroed incremental trapezoid method as in Wolever (2004) and Gordon et al. (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glucose values from the handheld meter and the laboratory analysis were correlated using a Pearson's correlation test in SPSS (2007). Area under the curve (AUC) glucose profiles were calculated using the zeroed incremental trapezoid method as in Wolever (2004) and Gordon et al (2007). The glucose value at time zero was considered baseline for each animal and subsequent values were zeroed against it, then the means were compared by repeated measures anova, and post hoc t-tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros

Berkeley

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Dierenfeld³

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Excess dietary glucose may be a factor in several captive wildlife diseases and reproductive abnormalities. The first step in understanding the health consequences of diets high in glucose is to characterize how dietary glucose concentrations change circulating glucose profiles. We adapted the glycemic index approach to detect differences in blood glucose concentrations in white rhinos in response to different meals. Six white rhinos were fasted overnight then randomly assigned to be fed 5 kg of grass hay and one of five meals varying in digestible energy (DE) availability and source (10% DE glucose, 5% DE glucose, 10% DE pelleted horse feed, 10% DE lucerne hay, 10% DE grass hay). After eating, the blood glucose response peaked 45-90 min later and remained elevated up to 180 min. Area under the curve results demonstrated that the blood glucose response was not different between diets. However, at 90 min, serum glucose levels in rhinos eating the 10% lucerne hay diet were significantly lower than the 5% glucose and 10% glucose diets but not the 10% pellet nor 10% grass hay diets. The changes in blood glucose responses to different diets were similar in magnitude to reported domestic horse profiles but are higher than predicted by allometric scaling. We conclude that the grass hay, lucerne hay and low glycemic index horse pellets fed in this study resulted in similar blood glucose responses in white rhinos. The validation of the methodology used in this study is a first step towards elucidating the relationship between glucose, obesity, health and reproduction in rhinos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros

Berkeley

Linklater

Dierenfeld³

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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“…The glucose values from the handheld meter and the laboratory analysis were correlated using a Pearson"s correlation test in SPSS (2007). Area under the curve (AUC) glucose profiles were calculated using the zeroed incremental trapezoid method as in Wolever 2004 andGordon et al 2007. The glucose value at time zero was considered baseline for each animal and subsequent values were zeroed against it, then the means were compared by repeated measures ANOVA, and post-hoc ttests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Allocation, Diet, and Small Population Management of African Rhinoceros

Berkeley¹

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<p>The application of sex allocation theory can provide useful insight into endangered rhinoceros biology to improve in situ and ex situ conservation efforts by understanding the factors that cause a female to produce one sex of calf. By decreasing the birth sex ratio (number of males born per number of females born) in a population it may be possible to increase population growth rates. The first aim was to determine if an environmentally cued sex allocation response occurred in black rhinos. By examining rainfall and calf sex records in a wild black rhino population, I identified that birth sex ratios increase in rainy seasons and rainy years. Mothers were more likely to be observed with male calves if they conceived during the wet season (57.3% male) than during the dry season (42.9% male). Mothers were more likely to raise male calves if they conceived during wet years (60.2% male) than during dry years (46.1% male). Next, I examined whether pulsatile or random variation in sex ratios of different magnitudes, as might occur under changes in climate patterns, would be detrimental to rhinoceros population growth. Results demonstrated that while random increases in the magnitude of birth sex ratio variation, in either direction, increased population survival probability up to 0.907, sequential pulsed years of birth sex ratio bias had the opposite effect on population performance down to a survival probability of 0.619. Furthermore, for both scenarios, populations of less than 50 animals are particularly vulnerable to extinction. Since the sex biases observed in the captive rhinoceros population were attributed to several factors, I used an information theoretic approach to evaluate the relative importance of different hypotheses for birth sex bias for predicting calf sex. The results demonstrated that none of the models tested were greatly predictive of calf sex. Suspecting that the mechanisms that were cueing calf sex occur close to the time of conception and were nutritionally cued, in the final experiment, I measured changes in blood glucose in white rhinos after they ate different meals. At 90 minutes, serum glucose levels in rhinos eating the 10 % lucerne hay diet were significantly lower than the 5% glucose and 10% glucose diets but not the 10% pellet nor 10% grass hay diets. This is the first time such an experiment has been published in a wildlife species and not only demonstrates the feasibility of training rhinos for successive blood draws but also that captive diets are low glycemic for white rhinos. Overall, my research confirmed that an environmentally cued sex allocation response does occur in African rhinos, and changes in the duration and magnitude of sex ratio patterns can decrease population growth and increase potential for extinction. Additionally, none of the previous hypotheses for the suspected male-sex bias in captive born rhinos were influential on calf sex, which shifts the focus of sex allocation research in rhinos to more acute signals around the time of conception, such as changes in diet and body condition.</p>

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“…Na gliconeogênese, a glicose é sintetizada a partir de aminoácidos e lactato, enquanto que, na glicogenólise, ocorre a quebra do glicogênio. Esses processos ocorrem durante o jejum, sendo que a glicogenólise é iniciada primeiro(ARONOFF et al, 2004).3.3.3 Resistência à insulina decorrente de altas quantidades de carboidratos não estruturais na dieta e suas consequênciasEquinos sedentários e alimentados com dietas com alto teor de carboidratos não estruturais têm maiores respostas glicêmica e insulinêmica(GORDON et al, 2007) e apresentam diminuição da sensibilidade à insulina(HOFFMAN et al, 2003).…”

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>b<Avaliação do uso de fitoterápico como aditivo alimentar sobre parâmetros digestivos e inflamatórios de equinos alimentados com dieta de alto nível de amido>/b<

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The Effects of Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content and Feeding Rate on Glucose and Insulin Response to Meal Feeding in Equine

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros

Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros

Sex Allocation, Diet, and Small Population Management of African Rhinoceros

>b<Avaliação do uso de fitoterápico como aditivo alimentar sobre parâmetros digestivos e inflamatórios de equinos alimentados com dieta de alto nível de amido>/b<

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