The Effects of Nutritional and Endocrine Factors on an Inherited Retinal Degeneration in the Mouse

Nrl knockdown by AAV-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 prevents retinal degeneration in mice

“…When combined with the Rds mutation, which disrupts OS morphogenesis, cGMP levels remained elevated but the rapid photoreceptor cell death phenotype of Rd1 mutation was ‘rescued'45, presumably because the cellular structure that enables increased cation flux is compromised. Similar examples are found in the experimental retinal detachment46, retinal organ culture47 and malnutrition48 models where arrest of development or disruption to the fully differentiated state of photoreceptors are protective against mutation-induced degeneration. Interestingly, treatment with ciliary neurotrophic factor downregulates a large number of photoreceptor late genes and offers a protective effect in mutant retinas49.…”

Possible role of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of glaucoma

“…In 1957, Lucas and Newhouse hypothesized that the neonatal mouse retina might be affected by a variety of agents of ‘biochemical importance’: a striking finding was a loss of neurones in the inner layers of the retina after subcutaneous glutamate administration 1,2 . Although the mechanism was not understood, this was the first demonstration of an excitotoxic insult.…”

Ρόλος Νευρομεταβιβαστικών Αμινοξέων Στην Παθοφυσιολογία Του Γλαυκώματος Ανοικτής Γωνίας

“…[154]. Για πρώτη φορά το 1957 οι Lucas και Newhouse υπέθεσαν ότι ο αμφιβληστροειδής νεογνών επιμύων μπορεί να επηρεαστεί από διάφορους παράγοντες με "βιοχημική σημασία" με κυρίαρχο εύρημα την απώλεια νευρώνων στις έσω στιβάδες του αμφιβληστροειδή μετά από υποδόριες εγχύσεις γλουταμινικού [155], [156]. Αν και ο μηχανισμός δεν ήταν πλήρως κατανοητός η παρατήρηση αυτή αποτέλεσε τη πρώτη ένδειξη τοξικότητα διέγερσης (excitotoxicity).…”