The Effects of Nutritional Management on Carcass Merit of Beef Cattle and on Sensory Properties of Beef

Schmidt, Ty B; Olson, K. C.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2006.11.004

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Addition of GP improves feedlot performance and overall amount of lean muscle tissue (Schmidt and Olson, 2007). Currently beef producers utilize several GP including, B-AA and anabolic implants.…”

Section: Growth-promoting Technologies Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth-promoting technologies on Longissimus lumborum muscle fiber morphometrics, collagen solubility, and cooked meat tenderness12

Ebarb

Drouillard

Maddock-Carlin

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:The objective of the study was to examine the effect of growth-promoting technologies (GP) on Longissimus lumborum steak tenderness, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and collagen solubility. Crossbred feedlot heifers (n = 33; initial BW 464 ± 6 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: no GP (CON; n = 11); implant, no zilpaterol hydrochloride (IMP; n = 11); implant and zilpaterol hydrochloride (COMBO; n = 11). Heifers assigned to receive an implant were administered Component TE-200 on d 0 of the study, and the COMBO group received 8.3 mg/ kg DM of zilpaterol hydrochloride for the final 21 d of feeding with a 3 d withdrawal period. Following harvest, strip loins were collected and fabricated into 4 roasts and aged for 3, 14, 21, or 35 d postmortem. Fiber type was determined by immunohistochemistry. After aging, objective tenderness and collagen solubility were measured. There was a treatment × day of aging (DOA) interaction for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; P < 0.01). At d 3 of aging, IMP and COMBO steaks had greater WBSF than CON steaks (P < 0.01). By d 14 of aging, the WBSF of IMP steaks was not different (P = 0.21) than CON steaks, but COMBO steaks had greater shear values than steaks of other treatments (P < 0.02). The COMBO steaks only remained tougher (P = 0.04) than the CON steaks following 35 DOA. Compared to CON muscles, IMP and COMBO type I and IIX muscle fibers were larger (P < 0.03). Treatment, DOA, or the two-way interactions did not impact measures of total and insoluble collagen (P > 0.31). Soluble collagen amount tended to be affected (P = 0.06) by a treatment × DOA interaction which was due to COMBO muscle having more soluble collagen than the other 2 treatments on d 21 of aging (P < 0.02). Correlation analysis indicated that type I, IIA, and IIX fiber CSA are positively correlated with WBSF at d 3 and 14 of aging (P < 0.01), but only type IIX fibers are correlated at d 21 and 35 of aging (P < 0.03). At these time periods, total and insoluble collagen became positively correlated with WBSF (P < 0.01). This would indicate that relationship between muscle fiber CSA and WBSF decreases during postmortem aging, while the association between WBSF and collagen characteristics strengthens. The use of GP negatively impacted meat tenderness primarily through increased muscle fiber CSA and not through altering collagen solubility.

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Section: Growth-promoting Technologies Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth-promoting technologies on Longissimus lumborum muscle fiber morphometrics, collagen solubility, and cooked meat tenderness12

Ebarb

Drouillard

Maddock-Carlin

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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“…A reduction in overall diet quality or availability can reduce maternal milk yield and calf weaning BW ( Neville, 1962 ; Jenkins et al, 2000 ; Hennessy et al, 2001 ). The impacts of preweaning nutrient restriction (reviewed by Greenwood and Café (2007) ) or any nutritional management that affects growth and development before the finishing phase, such as early weaning (reviewed by Schmidt and Olson (2007) ) or grazing low-quality forage postweaning (reviewed by Drouillard and Kuhl (1999) ), can affect physiological processes much later in an animal’s life resulting in altered feedlot growth and carcass composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dry or wet conditions during the preweaning phase on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass composition of beef cattle

Gatson

Gunn

Busby³

et al. 2018

Translational Animal Science

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Our objective was to determine the effects of dry and wet conditions during the preweaning on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef cattle. Steers (n = 7,432) and heifers (n = 2,361) finished in 16 feedlots in southwestern Iowa through the Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity Cooperative were used for a retrospective analysis. Cattle originated in the Midwest (Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, and Minnesota) and were born in February, March, or April of 2002 through 2013. Feedlot performance and carcass composition data were obtained for each animal. Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values were obtained for each animal’s preweaning environment on a monthly basis. Mean PDSI values were used to classify conditions as dry (≤−2.0), normal (>−2.0 and <2.0), or wet (≥2.0) for the cool (April and May), warm (June through August), and combined (April through August) forage growing seasons preweaning. Mixed models were used to evaluate the effects of PDSI class on subsequent performance. Calf sex, date of birth (as day of year), year, and feedlot were also included as fixed effects. When considering PDSI class during the cool season, cattle from normal and wet classes had a greater feedlot delivery BW (P < 0.0001) than dry. Dry and normal classes had greater (P ≤ 0.02) delivery BW than wet during the warm and combined seasons, however. For the cool season, average daily gain was greater (P < 0.0001) for the dry class than normal and wet. Cattle from the normal class for the cool season had greater (P = 0.001) final BW than wet, but the wet class had the greatest (P < 0.04) and dry class had the lowest (P < 0.01) final BW during the warm season. During the cool season, HCW was greater (P < 0.007) for the normal than wet class, although HCW was greater (P ≤ 0.02) for wet compared with dry and normal during the warm season. Calculated yield grade was lower (P ≤ 0.006) for the normal class during the cool season compared with dry and wet. For both the warm and combined seasons, the dry class had lower (P ≤ 0.004) calculated yield grade compared with normal and wet. Carcasses from cattle that experienced normal or wet warm seasons had greater (P ≤ 0.0005) marbling scores than dry, and normal had greater (P = 0.0009) marbling score than dry for the combined seasons. In conclusion, these data indicate that both dry and wet conditions during the preweaning phase may impact ultimate feedlot performance and carcass composition.

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“…Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; Zilmax, Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist (β-aa) that is approved for use in feedlot cat tle in the United States (Schmidt and Olson, 2007). In 2013, sporadic reports of lame and slowmoving cattle arriving at abattoirs was attributed to ZH supplemen tation (Thomson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic, stress axis, and hematology response of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplemented beef heifers when exposed to a dual corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge1,2,3

Buntyn

Sanchez

Schmidt

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the metabolic, stress, and hematology response of beef heifers supplemented with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) when exposed to an endocrine stress challenge. Heifers ( = 20; 556 ± 7 kg BW) were randomized into 2 treatment groups: 1) control (CON), no ZH supplementation, and 2) zilpaterol (ZIL), supplemented with ZH at 8.33 mg/kg (DM basis). The ZIL group was supplemented ZH for 20 d, with a 3-d withdrawal period. On d 24, heifers received an intravenous bolus of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.3 µg/kg BW) and arginine vasopressin (VP; 1.0 µg/kg BW) to activate the stress axis. Blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals for serum and 60-min intervals for plasma and whole blood, from -2 to 8 h relative to the challenge at 0 h (1000 h). Samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, NEFA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and complete blood cell counts. Following the challenge, cattle were harvested over a 3-d period. Liver, LM, and biceps femoris (BF) samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, lactate, and glycolytic potential (GP). There was a treatment ( ≤ 0.001) effect for vaginal temperature (VT), with ZIL having a 0.1°C decrease in VT when compared with CON. A treatment × time effect ( = 0.002) was observed for NEFA. A treatment effect was observed for BUN; ZIL had decreased BUN concentrations compared with CON ( < 0.001) prior to the challenge; however, no treatment × time effect was observed. There was also a treatment effect for cortisol ( ≤ 0.01) and epinephrine ( = 0.003); ZIL had decreased cortisol and epinephrine during the CRH/VP challenge when compared with CON. There was a time effect for total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes; each variable increased ( ≤ 0.01) 2 h postchallenge. Additionally, neutrophil counts decreased ( ≤ 0.01) in response to CRH/VP challenge in both treatment groups. Glucose concentrations within the LM were greater ( = 0.03) in CON when compared with ZIL. Lactate concentrations and GP within the BF were greater in CON ( = 0.05) when compared with ZIL. These data suggest there are some variations observed between treatments in terms of response to the CRH/VP challenge; however, in the environmental conditions of this trial, none of the variations observed suggest that the supplementation of ZH detrimentally alters the ability of cattle to effectively respond to stressful stimuli.

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The Effects of Nutritional Management on Carcass Merit of Beef Cattle and on Sensory Properties of Beef

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of growth-promoting technologies on Longissimus lumborum muscle fiber morphometrics, collagen solubility, and cooked meat tenderness12

Effect of growth-promoting technologies on Longissimus lumborum muscle fiber morphometrics, collagen solubility, and cooked meat tenderness12

Effects of dry or wet conditions during the preweaning phase on subsequent feedlot performance and carcass composition of beef cattle

The metabolic, stress axis, and hematology response of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplemented beef heifers when exposed to a dual corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge1,2,3

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