The Effects of Oleuropein on Apoptotic Rate and Oxidative Stress Profiles during Tumour Promotion Stage in the Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Model

Abstract

Oleuropein is a phenolic compound that can be abundantly found in the olive plant and it possesses pharmacological properties including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This present study was designed to determine the effects of oleuropein on tumour promotion stage, particularly on the histopathological changes, apoptotic rates and oxidative stress profiles by using the mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Female ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n= 8 mice per group) as follows: Control induced with DMBA/TPA, negative control (acetone) and oleuropeintreated groups. For the treatment group, the mice were initiated with DMBA (200 nmol) followed by pre-treatment with oleuropein (10 mg/kg) and subsequent promotion with TPA (20 nmol). The treatments were topically applied on the shaved dorsal up to 10 weeks. Histopathology analysis showed that oleuropein-pretreated group appeared lack of thickness in epidermal hyperplasia, as compared to thick hyperplasia and epidermal disorganisation in the DMBA/ TPA control group. Data also showed that oleuropein pre-treatment resulted in a significant increase of the apoptotic rates (p<0.05) as indicated by the activated caspase-3 labelling compared to DMBA/TPA group. Interestingly, the level of MDA is significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the oleuropein pre-treated group compared to DMBA/TPA group. Next, pretreatment of oleuropein caused a significant decrease in the GSH levels (p<0.05) along with a significant increase in the SOD levels (p<0.05) compared to the DMBA/TPA group. Overall, this study indicates that oleuropein may act as a potential chemopreventive agent through its apoptotic and antioxidant defence activities on tumour promotion stage in skin carcinogenesis event.

Modulation of cancer signalling pathway(s) in two -stage mouse skin tumorigenesis by annonacin

“…To date, this model is still being a model of choice to study the antitumor promoting effect of either synthetic or plant-based antineoplastic agents [14–16]. This due to the capability of his model mimics the features of multi-stage carcinogenesis in humans as humans are typically exposed to various doses of both carcinogens and promoting agents [17, 24]. This model also enables tumor development and progression to be monitored visually throughout the life span of the mouse.…”

Hydroxytyrosol Promotes Proliferation of Human Schwann Cells: An In Vitro Study

“…Recent advances in phytomedicine have reported various health-promoting effects of olive oil and its extracts [1][2][3][4]. Olive oil contains numerous phytochemicals/phenolic compounds such as oleuropein, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol that are known to have potent antioxidant and cardio-neuroprotective effects [5][6][7][8][9].…”