The Effects of Oral Silver Nanoparticles and Propolis on the Level of Lipid Peroxidation in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objective: Oxidative stress is a leading factor in the development of silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity. This study evaluated the effects of oral prescription of different doses of silver nanoparticles and propolis on lipid peroxidation in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control group and three different treatment groups with oral prescription of 30 ppm, 60 ppm, and 60 ppm of silver nanoparticles with 200 mg/kg of propolis. The Serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBARS assay using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Results: The Serum level of MDA as a marker of lipid peroxidation in the control group was 1.92 mM/ml, and in other groups that received silver nanoparticles (30 ppm,60 ppm, 60 ppm with 200 mg/kg propolis) were respectively 2.82, 3.83 and 2.62 mM/ml. MDA level also increased at the doses of 30 ppm and 60 ppm compared to the control group and decreased when propolis was prescribed with silver nanoparticles in the third group; however, its value did not reach the level of the control group. Minimal levels of serum lipid peroxidation were observed when silver and propolis nanoparticles were administered to male rats. Conclusion: The mixture of silver nanoparticles and propolis reduces the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles; not only it preserves but also increases the efficiency of this compound in medical applications.

Intellectual capital and knowledge management for overcoming social and economic barriers in the health-care sector

“…In this vein, the inquiries on the value creation process need to concentrate on the capabilities of general practitioners or the performance of digital devices (Huang et al , 2021). Simultaneously, these investigations should extend attention to what is happening to the KS process (Mura et al , 2012; Radaelli et al , 2014), including the active role of a patient, who seems to be more integrated into IC exploitation (Piri and Asefzadeh, 2006). Notably, patients are willing to actively influence the desired outcome of the health-care treatment, even if their individual motives influence the willingness to share and participate in value-creation activities during and after service exchange concerning the expected outcome or intended goal of the patient.…”