The Effects of Ovarian Steroids on Food and Water Intake and Body Weight in the Female Rat

Tarttelin, Michael F.; Gorski, Roger A.

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0720551

Cited by 177 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…We have investigated whether the reduction in BAT thermogenesis is one of the important factors in the development of obesity in OVX rats, by measuring mitochondrial GDP binding, an indicator of BAT thermogenic activity, cytochrome oxidase activity and oxygen consumption. The results showed that OVX led to a significant increase in body weight accompanied with a concomitant hyperphagia, which were consistent with previous reports (Kalkolwski et al, 1968;Tarttelin and Gorski, 1973;Beatty et al, 1975;Wade, 1975). As expected, body weight in pair-fed OVX rats increased significantly more than that in sham-controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The reasons are: (1) it contains many estradiol concentrating cells in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) (Stumpf, 1970;Pfaff and Keiner, 1973), (2) implants of estradiol in the VMH of OVX rats suppress body weight (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1973;Beatty et al, 1975;Wade and Gray, 1978) and (3) lesions of VMH in OVX rats attenuate the response to estradiol (Beatty et al, 1975 Stock, 1979, 1986;Himms-Hagen, 1985 as well as coldinduced thermogenesis (Trayhurn, 1986 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that ovariectomy (OVX) increases food intake and body weight (Kalkolwski et al, 1978;Beatty et al, 1975) and these changes can be inhibited or reversed by treatment with estradiol (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1973;Wade and Gray, 1978). It is now recognized (Rothwell and Stock, 1979) that brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a main effector in diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) as well as non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), and that a defect in or an absence of BAT thermogenesis would predispose obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reduced Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis of Obese Rats After Ovariectomy.

et al. 1988

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis was assessed by measuring mitochondrial guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding, cytochrome oxidase activity and oxygen consumption in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats.The food intake and body weight of OVX rats increased more than those of controls and OVX rats became obese.Mitochondrial GDP binding, as an indicator of thermogenic activity, cytochrome oxidase activity, as a marker of mitochondrial abundance, and mitochondrial respiration of BAT in OVX rats were significantly reduced compared with those in controls. And, also, even when OVX rats were restricted in food intake (pair-gained) to produce comparable changes in body weight with sham-controls, or matched in food intake (pair-fed) with sham-controls, these parameters in both pair-gained and pair-fed OVX groups were decreased markedly compared to those in sham-controls. As expected, body weight in pair-fed OVX rats increased significantly more than that in sham-controls.In response to cold exposure, these parameters of OVX rats increased as much as those of controls did. These results suggest that reduced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis might be one of the important factors that are responsible for the development of obesity after OVX.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis of Obese Rats After Ovariectomy.

et al. 1988

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“…Original magnification, ϫ400. body weights were increased in the OVX animal group compared with Intact and estrogen-replaced animals as found by other investigators (47,48).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Glomerulosclerosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis are Attenuated with 17β-Estradiol in the Aging Dahl Salt Sensitive Rat

Maric¹,

Sandberg²,

Hinojosa‐Laborde³

2004

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

191

136

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Abstract. This study examined the effects of estrogen deficiency by ovariectomy (OVX) and 17␤-estradiol (E 2 ) replacement (OVXϩE 2 ) on glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the mechanisms contributing to these changes, including expression of collagen type IV and laminin, transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤), and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in the kidneys of young (4 mo [4M]) and aged (12 mo [12M]) Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats maintained on a low-salt (0.1% NaCl) diet. While normal renal morphology was observed in the 4M rats in all treatment groups, moderate to severe glomerulosclerosis (glomerulosclerotic index [GSI]: 4M, 0.22 Ϯ 0.09 versus 12M, 1.43 Ϯ 0.17; P Ͻ 0.001) and cortical tubulointerstitial fibrosis (CTIFI: 4M, 0 versus 12M, 57.1 Ϯ 4.9; P Ͻ 0.01) was observed in the 12M rats. The severity of glomerulosclerosis and cortical tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the 12M group was augmented with OVX (GSI, 3.27 Ϯ 0.34; CTIFI, 74.4 Ϯ 9.2; P Ͻ 0.01 versus Intact at 12M) and attenuated with E 2 replacement ([GSI], 1.09 Ϯ 0.09; CTIFI, 49.2 Ϯ 6.8). In the 12M animals, OVX was also associated with increased deposition and expression of laminin (Intact, 228.1 Ϯ 6.7; OVX, 277.4 Ϯ 9.6 AU; P Ͻ 0.01), increased expression of TGF-␤ (Intact, 85.0 Ϯ 23.0; OVX, 178.0 Ϯ 20.5 AU; P Ͻ 0.001), and decreased activity of cortical MMP-9 (Intact, 3.8 Ϯ 0.8; OVX, 2.4 Ϯ 0.6 AUC; P Ͻ 0.01). E 2 replacement opposed these effects (laminin, 229.9 Ϯ 6.2 AU; TGF-␤, 101.3 Ϯ 25.2 AU; MMP-9, 5.2 Ϯ 0.2 AUC). The severity of the disease in the 12M rats correlated with a modest decrease in creatinine clearance (Intact, 0.26 Ϯ 0.01; OVX, 0.22 Ϯ 0.01; OVXϩE 2 , 0.28 Ϯ 0.01 mg/min per 100 g) and increase in BUN (Intact, 20.3 Ϯ 2.1; OVX, 32.6 Ϯ 5.1; OVXϩE 2 , 24.3 Ϯ 2.4 mg/dl). The authors conclude that E 2 is renoprotective in the aging DSS rat by attenuating glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.The rate of progression of cardiovascular and renal disease and hypertension increases with age and is lower in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men (1-3). Interestingly, a re-evaluation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study showed that the differences in the rate of decline of renal function between men and women is reduced after age 52 yr (their dividing point) (4), suggesting that menopause may affect the progression of renal disease in women; however, no studies to date have clearly demonstrated this point, suggesting that our understanding of the contribution of ovarian hormones to the development of age-related disease processes remains unclear. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) reported that hormone replacement therapy with the estrogen-progesterone combination Prempro (conjugated equine estrogen and progestin) causes a slight increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease in a large population of postmenopausal women (5,6). However, numerous studies indicate that estrogen alone has cardiovascular protective effects. Estrogen improves serum lipid levels, increases end...

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“…Beginning 3 days after arrival at the facility, rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of EB (0.5 mg/kg) or an equal volume of peanut oil at 1130. Since estrogen has previously been shown to affect feeding behavior (Tarttelin and Gorski, 1973), self-administration sessions began a minimum of 7 days after the first injection to allow food intake to stabilize. In order to obtain information regarding hormonal status, OVX rats were vaginally swabbed daily at 1130.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Motivation Following Cocaine Self-Administration Under Extended Access Conditions: Effects of Sex and Ovarian Hormones

Lynch

Taylor

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We have previously shown that following extended access to cocaine, females, but not males, show marked increases in motivation to obtain cocaine, and we have hypothesized that such changes may contribute to long-term compulsive aspects of addiction that result in a persistent vulnerability to relapse. Here, we investigate the effects of extended cocaine access on short-term motivational changes in both male and female rats. An additional goal was to determine whether estrogen modulates motivation to self-administer cocaine in female rats following extended access to cocaine. A discrete trial procedure was used that allowed rats 24-h access to cocaine infusions (1.5 mg/ kg) that were available in discrete trials (four, 10-min trials/h) for 7 consecutive days. Motivation to obtain cocaine was assessed by responding under a progressive ratio schedule, and preference for sucrose (1%) vs water was assessed using a two-bottle, 24-h test. Each was assessed prior to and immediately following discrete trial cocaine self-administration. Results showed that following discrete trial cocaine self-administration, both males and females showed a decrease in preference for sucrose, but only females showed a reduction in levels of responding for cocaine under the progressive ratio schedule, suggesting a sex difference in motivation that was specific to cocaine. Subsequent studies with ovariectomized rats showed that estrogen replacement blocked the decrease in motivation to obtain cocaine infusions. Together, these findings suggest that there is a dissociation between sex and the short-vs long-term alteration in motivation to use cocaine. The mechanisms that may underlie these observed sex differences, including the role of estrogen, are discussed. Neuropsychopharmacology (2005) 30, 927-935, advance online publication, 12 January 2005; doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300656Keywords: sex differences; cocaine; self-administration; motivation; sucrose; withdrawal INTRODUCTIONCocaine addiction in humans is characterized by periods of heavy use, or binges, followed by periods of abstinence in which craving and motivation to use the drug progressively increase (Gawin and Kleber, 1986;Jentsch and Taylor, 1999). During active binge cycles, addicts report increasing difficulty in abstaining from cocaine use, despite the continually decreasing hedonic effects of cocaine with repeated use (Robinson and Berridge, 2001). During abstinence periods, motivation to use cocaine appears to be low during the initial withdrawal period (or the 'crash'), but to progressively increase over time. The initial withdrawal period is also associated with affective disturbances including lethargy, dysphoria, and anhedonia (eg American Psychiatric Association, 1994;Gawin and Kleber, 1986;Mulvaney et al, 1999;Kampman et al, 2002). These symptoms have been reported to develop within hours of abstinence and may persist weeks or even months (Gawin and Kleber, 1986).A similar time course and pattern of motivational changes have been observed in laboratory animals following c...

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The Effects of Ovarian Steroids on Food and Water Intake and Body Weight in the Female Rat

Cited by 177 publications

References 5 publications

Reduced Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis of Obese Rats After Ovariectomy.

Reduced Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis of Obese Rats After Ovariectomy.

Glomerulosclerosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis are Attenuated with 17β-Estradiol in the Aging Dahl Salt Sensitive Rat

Decreased Motivation Following Cocaine Self-Administration Under Extended Access Conditions: Effects of Sex and Ovarian Hormones

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