The effects of paralysis on skeletal development in the chick embryo

Hogg, D. A.; Hosseini, Ahmad Zavaran

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(92)90237-k

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results showing that the embryos that were more motile had longer leg bones than controls also concur with previous reports showing that paralysis of chicks during embryonic development by either PB or DMB leads to long bones that are shorter than controls (Bertram et al, 1997;Hogg and Hosseini, 1992;Hosseini and Hogg, 1991a;Hosseini and Hogg, 1991b;Lamb et al, 2003). The effects of increased motility on chick development have been less well characterized, although treatment of embryos with the hyperactivity-inducing drug 4-AP led to increased chick body mass at ED15 and ED16, along with increased tibial length at these times, although the differences were not significant at ED20 (Heywood et al, 2005).…”

Section: Temperature and Embryonic Movementsupporting

confidence: 93%

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

Hammond

Simbi

Stickland

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The chick embryo, developing in the egg, is an ideal system in which to investigate the effects of incubation environment on the development of the embryo. We show that raising the temperature of the eggs by just one degree,from 37.5°C to 38.5°C, during embryonic days (ED) 4–7 causes profound changes in development. We demonstrate that embryonic movement is significantly increased in the chicks raised at 38.5°C both during the period in which they are at the higher temperature but also 4 days after their return to the control temperature. Concomitant with this increase in embryonic activity, the embryos raised at higher temperature grow to significantly heavier weights and exhibit significantly longer leg bones (tibia and tarsus)than the controls from ED12 onwards, although mineralization occurs normally. Additionally, the number of leg myonuclei is increased from ED12 in the embryos raised at the higher temperature. This is likely to promote greater leg muscle growth later in development, which may provide postural stability to the chicks posthatch. These changes are similar to those seen when drugs are injected to increase embryonic activity. We therefore believe that the increased embryonic activity provides a mechanism that can explain the increased growth of leg muscle and bone seen when the eggs are incubated for 3 days at higher temperature.

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Section: Temperature and Embryonic Movementsupporting

confidence: 93%

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

Hammond

Simbi

Stickland

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that knee joints in immobilised chick embryos fail to cavitate [10], [11], [21], [23], [58], [59], [60] but there has been very little emphasis on changes to the shape of the joint. Here we used morphometric analysis of 3D digital representations of the specimens to pin point the shape features of the distal femur that are dependent on extrinsically produced stimuli from muscle contractions, showing a link between the shape changes, changes in local cell proliferation and predicted biophysical stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Influences on Morphogenesis of the Knee Joint Revealed through Morphological, Molecular and Computational Analysis of Immobilised Embryos

2011

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Very little is known about the regulation of morphogenesis in synovial joints. Mechanical forces generated from muscle contractions are required for normal development of several aspects of normal skeletogenesis. Here we show that biophysical stimuli generated by muscle contractions impact multiple events during chick knee joint morphogenesis influencing differential growth of the skeletal rudiment epiphyses and patterning of the emerging tissues in the joint interzone. Immobilisation of chick embryos was achieved through treatment with the neuromuscular blocking agent Decamethonium Bromide. The effects on development of the knee joint were examined using a combination of computational modelling to predict alterations in biophysical stimuli, detailed morphometric analysis of 3D digital representations, cell proliferation assays and in situ hybridisation to examine the expression of a selected panel of genes known to regulate joint development. This work revealed the precise changes to shape, particularly in the distal femur, that occur in an altered mechanical environment, corresponding to predicted changes in the spatial and dynamic patterns of mechanical stimuli and region specific changes in cell proliferation rates. In addition, we show altered patterning of the emerging tissues of the joint interzone with the loss of clearly defined and organised cell territories revealed by loss of characteristic interzone gene expression and abnormal expression of cartilage markers. This work shows that local dynamic patterns of biophysical stimuli generated from muscle contractions in the embryo act as a source of positional information guiding patterning and morphogenesis of the developing knee joint.

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“…It has been demonstrated to be necessary for the development of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems and disturbance of the embryonic movements leading to severe malformations and functional disorders [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. It has also been supposed that embryonic motor activity is the precursor of motor behavior after birth or hatching [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

Nechaeva¹,

Vladimirova²,

Alexeeva³

2010

TOOENIJ

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Embryonic motility is an important component of development and may be a precursor of posthatching motor behavior. In chickens, it accompanies almost the entire embryogenesis and depends on environmental conditions, whose effects on embryonic motility have been poorly studied. The effect of acute hypoxia (10% O 2 for 10 min) on the temporal parameters of chick embryo motility on incubation days 10 (D10) and 14 (D14) was estimated; the results were compared with data on the heart rate (HR). A force transducer connected with an embryo limb was used to record embryonic movements simultaneously with HR video recording. In the control, the duration of the activity phase (APh) and HR increased, while the inactivity phase (IPh) decreased in the period from D10 to D14. In response to hypoxia, the APh did not change significantly on either day, but the IPh significantly increased on D14 and tended to increase on D10. A distinct pattern of the motor activity response to hypoxia was observed on D14: the IPh increased after 0.5-2.5 min of hypoxia, peaked at a value 6 times as large as the control one, and then partly recovered. Under hypoxia, the mean HR significantly decreased to 87% of the control value and then partly recovered, increasing to 93% on both days studied. The similarity of the hypoxic patterns of IPh and HR on D14 suggests that the hypoxic recovery of HR contributes to the recovery of the embryo motility under hypoxia in late embryos.

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The effects of paralysis on skeletal development in the chick embryo

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

Mechanical Influences on Morphogenesis of the Knee Joint Revealed through Morphological, Molecular and Computational Analysis of Immobilised Embryos

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

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