This study investigates the impact of sports participation on the physical development of college students in Anhui Province, China, with a focus on Anhui Fuyang Institute of Technology. Against the backdrop of the institute's commitment to industry-education integration and the unique sociocultural context of Anhui Province, the research adopts a descriptive-comparative quantitative design. The study involves 377 randomly sampled full-time students, employing a comprehensive questionnaire to assess academic, emotional-social-moral, and physical dimensions. The findings reveal positive correlations between sports engagement and academic performance, self-confidence, social relationships, and physical well-being. While demonstrating a generally favorable association, the study identifies nuanced challenges, emphasizing the need for tailored sports programs to address specific physical issues. The research contributes valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and practitioners, proposing a development program to enhance sports participation and holistic development among college students at Anhui Fuyang Institute of Technology.