The effects of pentoxifylline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the treatment ofd-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in rats

Abstract

<jats:p> The aim of this study was to investigate histological changes in hepatic tissue and effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these changes using histochemical and biochemical methods in rats, in which hepatitis was established by d-galactosamine (d-GAL). Rats were divided into five groups as follows: control group, d-GAL (24 h) group, d-GAL group, d-GAL + PTX group, and d-GAL + CAPE group. In histological evaluations, the control group showed normal appearance of the liver cells. However in the d-GAL groups, focal areas consisting of inflammatory, necrotic, and apoptotic cells were detected in parenchyma. Glycogen loss was observed in the hepatocytes localized at the periphery of lobule. It was found that number of mast cells of portal areas were significantly higher in d-GAL groups compared with other groups ( p = 0.0001). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining by Ki-67 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in GAL groups compared with the control group ( p = 0.0001). In biochemical analysis, there was an increase in malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, while a decrease was observed in glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity in groups treated with d-GAL compared with the control group. On the other hand, it was seen that, in the groups treated with d-GAL, histological and biochemical injuries in the liver were reduced by administration of PTX and CAPE. In this study, we demonstrated the ameliorative effects of PTX and CAPE on d-GAL-induced liver injury. </jats:p>

A Phenolic Acid and Flavonoid Fraction Isolated from Lolium multiflorum Lam. Prevents d-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damages through the Augmentation of Nrf2 Expression

“…We also demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-septic potentials of the PAFF, thereby highlighting its clinical usefulness in suppressing oxidative injury and inflammatory disorders [13]. Taken as a whole, our previous results with other reports [2][3][4][5][6][7] lead us to postulate that the PAFF is to be potentially a bioactive fraction capable of protecting GalN-induced liver injury.…”

“…GalN causes apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the liver by inducing oxidative stress. Numerous reports highlight that GalNinduced liver damage is attenuated by use of naturally occurring antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers, such as dietary Spirulina platensis [2], pentoxifyline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester [3], catechin [4], biochanin A [5], kaempferol and p-coumaric acid [6], and quercetin [7]. These reports suggest that phenol acids and flavonodic compounds are the attractive bioactive components that protect against acute liver damages.…”

HEP-Net opinion on the management of ascites and its complications in the setting of decompensated cirrhosis in the resource constrained environment of Pakistan

“…Pentoxifylline showed some promise at a dose of 400mg three times a day in alcoholic hepatitis. [134][135][136] Treatment of SBP aggressively also prevents development of HRS. 137 Norfloxacin at a dose of 400mg per day reduced the incidence of HRS in child class C cirrhosis.…”