The Effects of Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination on Substance Use Among Youths Living in the Cherokee Nation

Garrett, Brady A.; Livingston, Melvin D.; Komro, Kelli A.

doi:10.1080/1067828x.2017.1299656

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, compared to white adolescents of the same age, Latino and black adolescents were at increased risk for opioid misuse, with Hispanic adolescents twice as likely as white peers to misuse opioids [ 63 ]. In addition, Native American children who had a high perceived frequency of racial discrimination were more likely to misuse prescription drugs [ 64 ]. Considering gender identity as a risk factor, transgender youth were more likely to develop SUD than their cisgender peers [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks

Afuseh

Pike

Oruche

2020

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background The misuse of legal and illegal substances has led to an increase in substance use disorder (SUD) in the United States. Although primary prevention strategies have been successfully used to target chronic physical diseases, these strategies have been less effective with SUD, given misconceptions of SUD, shortages in behavioral health professionals, and the population-based focus on specific substances. A developmental approach to the identification and primary prevention of SUD that does not fully rely upon behavioral health workers is needed. The purpose of this paper was to examine age related risk factors for developing SUD and present a novel individualized approach to SUD prevention. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify risk factors for SUD among children, young adults, adults, and older adults. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed between the years 1989–2019, and extracted data, analyzing similarities and differences in risk factors across life stages. Broader categories emerged that were used to group the risk factors. Results More than 370 articles were found. Across all age groups, risk factors included adverse childhood experiences, trauma, chronic health diseases, environmental factors, family history, social determinants, and grief and loss. Despite the similarities, the contextual factors and life challenges associated with these risks varied according to the various life stages. We proposed an approach to primary prevention of SUD based on risk factors for developing the disease according to different age groups. This approach emphasizes screening, education, and empowerment (SEE), wherein individuals are screened for risk factors according to their age group, and screening results are used to customize interventions in the form of education and empowerment. Given that trained persons, including non-healthcare providers, close to the at-risk individual could conduct the screening and then educate and mentor the individual according to the risk level, the number of people who develop SUD could decrease. Conclusions The risk factors for developing SUD vary across the various life stages, which suggests that individualized approaches that do not overtax behavioral healthcare workers are needed. Using SEE may foster early identification and individualized prevention of SUD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks

Afuseh

Pike

Oruche

2020

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…A domain of interpersonal stress that has received a great deal of attention over the past decade is perceived discrimination (Pascoe & Smart Richman, 2009; Unger, 2015). Among youth, the impact of perceived discrimination on substance use outcomes has been examined based on specific attributes, such as race or ethnicity (Acosta, Hospital, Graziano, Morris, & Wagner, 2015; Basáñez, Unger, Soto, Crano, & Baezconde-Garbanati 2013; Gibbons et al, 2012; Garrett, Livingston, Livingston, & Komro, 2017; Sanders-Phillips et al, 2014), weight or physical appearance (Madkour et al, 2015), and sexual orientation (Grollman, 2012; Thoma & Huebner, 2013). Although the most robust effect has been found for race-based discrimination (Grollman, 2012; Madkour et al, 2015; Thoma & Huebner, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents: Examining the Moderating Effect of Distress Tolerance and Negative Urgency

Zapolski

Rowe

Banks

et al. 2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background: Perceived discrimination has been found to increase substance use vulnerability among adolescent populations. However, less is known about individual level factors which may moderate this risk. Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine whether two emotion-based personality traits (i.e., distress tolerance and negative urgency) moderates the effect of perceived discrimination on substance use. We hypothesized that high distress tolerance would decrease risk, while high negative urgency would increase risk for substance use as a consequence of discrimination. Methods: 108 youth ages 12–18 (68.6% male; 56.2% African American) provided data on perceived discrimination, distress tolerance, negative urgency, and substance use (i.e., alcohol and marijuana use). Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, no moderating effect was observed for negative urgency. Distress tolerance was found to moderate the relationship, but in the opposite direction than expected. Conclusions: It is speculated that this counterintuitive finding may be due to the racial/ethnic composition of the sample, suggesting that distress tolerance may operate differently among minority youth. Further research examining these relationships among minority youth is warranted.

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“…Several researchers have found associations between direct, personal experiences of racism and substance use among people of color. In a study of 1,421 Native American, White, and biracial (Native American and White) youth from the Cherokee Nation, researchers found that those who experienced moderate frequencies of discrimination had greater odds of using marijuana and other drugs (Garrett et al, 2017). Additionally, researchers surveyed university students of color and determined that for every one standard deviation increase in microaggression scores, regular marijuana use increased by 31% (Pro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Direct Experiences Of Racism Negative Affect and Substancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vicarious Racism Exposure via the Media on College Students of Color: Exploring Affect and Substance Use

Giordano

Prosek

Henson

et al. 2021

J of College Counseling

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Given the potential negative effects of vicarious racism, we sought to examine the impact of vicarious racism via the media on college students of color. Using a sample of 217 college students of color, we analyzed positive and negative affect and craving for alcohol and marijuana before and after exposure to media stimuli. Split‐plot analysis of variance results revealed a statistically significant interaction effect between time and group for negative affect, but not cravings for substances.

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The Effects of Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination on Substance Use Among Youths Living in the Cherokee Nation

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks

Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks

Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents: Examining the Moderating Effect of Distress Tolerance and Negative Urgency

Effects of Vicarious Racism Exposure via the Media on College Students of Color: Exploring Affect and Substance Use

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