The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A review

Chang, Wei-Hsiang; Herianto, Samuel; Lee, Ching Chang; Hung, Hsin Yi; Chen, Hsiu-Ling

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147371

Cited by 203 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 161 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Endometriosis, a fairly common disease in women of reproductive age, remains an enigmatic condition that is difficult to treat. Although several studies have indicated that DEHP, the most extensively used phthalate plasticizer and a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, is conceived to be associated with endometriosis pathogenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown [ 6 , 31 ]. In this study, we demonstrated using 2D and 3D cell culture methods that DEHP promoted proliferation, immunoinflammatory responses and cell migration and induced EMT and stemness characteristics in several human EEECs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Triggers Proliferation, Migration, Stemness, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Endometrial and Endometriotic Epithelial Cells via the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Kim

Lim

Hwang

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a frequently used plasticizer that may be linked to the development of endometriosis, a common gynecological disorder with a profound impact on quality of life. Despite its prevalence, vital access to treatment has often been hampered by a lack of understanding of its pathogenesis as well as reliable disease models. Recently, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to have a significant role in endometriosis pathophysiology. In this study, we found that DEHP treatment enhanced proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses, along with EMT and stemness induction in human endometrial and endometriotic cells. The selective transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor type 1/2 inhibitor LY2109761 reversed the DEHP-induced cell proliferation and migration enhancement as well as the increased expression of crucial molecules involved in inflammation, EMT, and stemness, indicating that DEHP-triggered phenomena occur via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Our study clearly defines the role of DEHP in the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of endometriosis and establishes an efficient disease model for endometriosis using a biomimetic 3D cell culture technique. Altogether, our data provide novel etiological and mechanistic insights into the role of DEHP in endometriosis pathogenesis, opening avenues for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for endometriosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Triggers Proliferation, Migration, Stemness, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Endometrial and Endometriotic Epithelial Cells via the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Kim

Lim

Hwang

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phthalate esters (PAEs) are a group of dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters of phthalic acid. According to the molecular weight of PAEs and the number of carbon atoms in their alkyl side chain, they can be classified into low molecular weight (LMW) PAEs and high molecular weight (HMW) PAEs [1][2][3]. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side chain of low molecular weight PAEs is ≤6, whereas that of high molecular weight PAEs is ≥7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of Phthalate Esters in Urban River Sediments: A Case Study of Fengshan River System in Taiwan

Lin

Chen

et al. 2021

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Fengshan River system is one of the major rivers in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. This study investigated the concentration of eight phthalate esters (PAEs) in sediments of the river and the impact of potential ecological risks during the dry and wet seasons. The potential risk assessment of sediment PAEs was evaluated by adopting the total risk quotient (TRQ) method. The total PAEs concentrations (∑PAEs) in the sediments of the Fengshan River system are between 490–40,190 ng/g dw, with an average of 8418 ± 11,812 ng/g dw. Diisononyl phthalate (38.1%), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (36.9%) and di-isodecyl phthalate (24.3%) accounted for more than 99.3% of ∑PAEs. The concentration of ∑PAEs in sediments at the river channel stations is higher during the wet season (616–15,281 ng/g dw) than that during the dry season (490–1535 ng/g dw). However, in the downstream and estuary stations, the wet season (3975–6768 ng/g dw) is lower than the dry season (20,216–40,190 ng/g dw). The PAEs in sediments of the Fengshan River may have low to moderate potential risks to aquatic organisms. The TQR of PAEs in sediments at the downstream and estuary (TQR = 0.13) is higher than that in the upstream (TQR = 0.04). In addition, during the wet season, rainfall transported a large amount of land-sourced PAEs to rivers, leading to increased PAEs concentration and potential ecological risks in the upper reaches of the river.

show abstract

“…It has been reported that excessive exposure causes reproductive and developmental issues [10], including damage to the pituitary-thyroid axis and alterations in thyroid hormone levels [11], increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus [12], impaired neuropsychological development [13] and increased risk of low birth weight and adverse birth outcomes [14,15]. Phthalates are also known as a class of EDCs with estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects [16]. Phthalates or their metabolites mainly affect the human endocrine and reproductive system, leading to developmental and reproductive impairment [17], growth retardation [18,19], neurodevelopmental problems [20], allergies and asthma [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated the presence of phthalates and BPA in the human body, and their effects on human health are increasingly gaining more attention globally [28,29]; currently, different studies have shown that some lifestyle habits such as diet, eating habits, daily consumption of packaged foods and daily use of healthcare or cosmetic products are associated with phthalate metabolites and BPA levels [16,30,31] in the human body [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Habits and Exposure to BPA and Phthalates in Women of Childbearing Age from Northern Italy: A Pilot Study

Napoli

Tagliaferri

Sommella

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with aspects of hormonal signaling. Considerable attention has been paid to their biological effects especially in women of childbearing age or during pregnancy as EDCs have been reported to cross the placenta becoming concentrated in the fetus’ circulation. Lifestyle habits, daily consumption of packaged foods and use of healthcare/cosmetic products are associated with increased EDCs levels. This cross-sectional research examined the EDCs levels and the lifestyle determinants of EDC exposure in a cohort of reproductive-age women from Northern Italy. Methods: Forty-five women (median age: 36, IQR: 30–38) were evaluated for urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates levels and also studied for EDCs’ major determinants of daily exposure; food frequency/dietary, physical activity, smoking habits and weight status. Results: Although 100% of women seemed to have been exposed to common sources of EDCs, they reported a healthy lifestyle. The multivariable model described a positive and significant association between consumption of sauces/dressings in plastic containers and monoethyl phthalate exposure (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Since reproductive age encompasses a critical window for future health and functioning of the “mothers-to-be” and their children, future studies on prenatal dietary BPA and phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure are recommended.

show abstract

The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A review

Cited by 203 publications

References 161 publications

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Triggers Proliferation, Migration, Stemness, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Endometrial and Endometriotic Epithelial Cells via the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Triggers Proliferation, Migration, Stemness, and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Human Endometrial and Endometriotic Epithelial Cells via the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Seasonal Variation of Phthalate Esters in Urban River Sediments: A Case Study of Fengshan River System in Taiwan

Lifestyle Habits and Exposure to BPA and Phthalates in Women of Childbearing Age from Northern Italy: A Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About