The effects of physical form of feed, carbohydrate source, and inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on the diet selections of sheep.

Cooper, S. D. B.; Kyriazakis, Ι.; Oldham, J. D.

doi:10.2527/1996.7461240x

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This high intake can produce digestive disorders such as ruminal acidosis Gaebe et al, 1998;Bodas et al, 2006) and it has been suggested that high levels of rumen degradable protein in the diet might help maintain a higher ruminal pH (Van Soest, 1994). This feeding behaviour is in agreement with evidence suggesting that the objective of sheep, when selecting diets, is to achieve a high nutrient intake while maintaining a stable ruminal environment (Cooper et al, 1996;James et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Rodríguez¹,

Bodas²,

Fernández³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Two trials were undertaken to study the effects of cafeteria feeding systems on the feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Trial 1 was designed to compare conventional and cafeteria feeding systems in terms of the growth of individually reared lambs. For this assay, 26 weaned Merino lambs (15.5^0.20 kg live weight) were assigned to three dietary treatment groups: (1) a control group fed barley straw and commercial concentrate under a conventional feeding system, (2) group W100S, fed soya-bean meal, whole barley grain and a mineral-vitamin supplement under a cafeteria feeding system, and (3) group W100S-T, fed as in the W100S treatment but allowing the lambs an initial training period so they could learn to identify a number of feeds. The feeding system had no significant effect ( P . 0.05) on either average daily live-weight gain, carcass weight, or carcass conformation. The food conversion ratio was lower ( P , 0.05) for the cafeteria-reared animals (2.9^0.16 v. 2.5^0.08 g dry-matter intake per g average daily gain) than those of the control group. This might be related to the higher crude protein intake seen in the cafeteria groups (150^5.6 v. 208^12.5 g per animal per day; P , 0.001).In trial 2, cafeteria and conventional feeding system were compared in terms of the growth of feedlot lambs. Two hundred weaned Merino lambs (13.1^0.10 kg) were divided into two experimental groups: (1) a control group, offered commercial concentrate and barley straw, and (2) a cafeteria group fed the same diet as W100ST in trial 1. The average daily gain (282^5.8 and 309^6.5; P , 0.01) was greater in the cafeteria than in the control group. Whereas neither carcass conformation nor fatness were affected by the feeding system, the dressing percentage was slightly higher ( P . 0.001) in the conventional than in the cafeteria system lambs.The use of cafeteria systems for fattening lambs can improve the feed conversion efficiency and body growth rate over those achieved with conventional feeding systems, although the crude protein intake in these systems seems to be in excess of requirements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Rodríguez¹,

Bodas²,

Fernández³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…In the literature, the studies on choices between forages of different quality are relative to only one difference in quality, that is in choice trials between rye-grass and clover [1,21,23] or between vegetative and reproductive swards [6], or when one of the two forages is pelleted [3,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the relative intake rates (IR) and choices are measured without a constraint, choices are usually recorded in short-term tests [13,17,21]. However, measurements over several days are assumed to take better account of the post-ingestive effects of individual foods that influence choice [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behaviour and intake of heifers fed on hays of various quality, offered alone or in a choice situation

Ginane

Baumont

Lassalas³

et al. 2002

Anim. Res.

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-We studied the feeding behaviour of cattle offered unconstrained choices between two hays of either different or similar nutritive values, and linked these choices to their behaviour when the same forages were offered alone. Over successive 10-day periods, six 15-month-old Aubrac heifers received three hays (a leafy one, G, and two late cut ones, C1 and C2, of very similar nutritive value), ad libitum, alternately alone and associated two by two. As expected, the heifers ate more G than C1 or C2 when the hay was offered alone, and preferred G in choice trials. They displayed a similar behaviour towards C1 and C2 when they were given alone, and also when they were independently associated with G (C1 and C2 making up 18% and 17% of the total intake and 21% and 17% of total feeding time, respectively) or when they were offered together (each accounting for nearly 50% of the total intake or feeding time). The choices could be related to the daily intakes of the forages given alone, which could thus be a good predictor of relative daily intakes under choice conditions. Heifers always showed partial choices, which could be seen as the research of the maintenance of optimal ruminal conditions, the result of sampling behaviour and/or the pleasure associated with the diversity of the diet. Their tendency to diversify the diet was also supported by the reaction to the recent diet by temporarily increasing their preference for the hay that had not been offered during the previous nochoice sub-period. Finally, all the choice situations raised the daily dry matter intake, which could be seen as the result of their motivation to eat due to the diversity of the offer. de regain G et deux foins tardifs C1 et C2 de valeurs alimentaires similaires) à volonté, alternativement distribués seuls ou associés deux par deux. Les génisses ont ingéré G en plus grande quantité que C1 ou C2 lorsque les foins étaient distribués seuls et l'ont préféré en situation de choix. Elles ont eu des comportements similaires vis-à-vis de C1 et de C2 distribués seuls, mais également lorsqu'ils étaient offerts avec G (C1 et C2 représentant respectivement 18 % et 17 % des quantités ingérées totales, et 21 % et 17 % du temps d'ingestion) ou lorsqu'ils étaient distribués ensemble (chaque foin représentant environ 50 % des quantités ingérées et du temps d'ingestion). Les choix étaient en accord avec l'ingestibilité des fourrages distribués seuls, qui pourrait donc être un bon critère de prévision des quantités ingérées relatives en situation de choix. Les génisses ont toujours montré des choix mixtes, ce qui peut être interprété comme la recherche d'un maintien de conditions ruminales optimales, le résultat d'un comportement d'échantillonnage et/ou du plaisir associé à un régime diversifié. Leur tendance à diversifier le régime s'est également exprimée lors du passage d'une situation de non choix à une situation de choix, par l'augmentation temporaire de leur préférence pour le foin qui n'avait pas été distribué précédemment. Enfin, la situation de...

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“…Insufficient adaptation to diet may result in disintegration of the epithelium (22), translocation of lipopolysaccharides (30), and disturbed transport mechanisms (22) and can further cause subacute ruminal acidosis (14, 49). This disease not only can lead to depressed feed intake and milk production, but can also be associated with laminitis, inflammation, and liver abscesses (14,42,49).Hence, one objective of attaining an adequate diet composition for ruminants is to maintain the physiological functions of the forestomach, such as optimal fermentation and absorptive properties (15,20). The phenotypic effects of diets, particularly of concentrate supplementation on rumen morphology and physiology, have been well investigated (38, 55) and reviewed (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, one objective of attaining an adequate diet composition for ruminants is to maintain the physiological functions of the forestomach, such as optimal fermentation and absorptive properties (15,20). The phenotypic effects of diets, particularly of concentrate supplementation on rumen morphology and physiology, have been well investigated (38, 55) and reviewed (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in ruminal epithelium in response to a concentrate-supplemented diet

Bondzio¹,

Gabler²,

Badewien-Rentzsch³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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minal epithelium adapts to dietary change with well-coordinated alterations in metabolism, proliferation, and permeability. To further understand the molecular events controlling diet effects, the aim of this study was to evaluate protein expression patterns of ruminal epithelium in response to various feeding regimes. Sheep were fed with a concentrate-supplemented diet for up to 6 wk. The control group received hay only. Proteome analysis with differential in gel electrophoresis technology revealed that, after 2 days, 60 proteins were significantly modulated in ruminal epithelium in a comparison between hay-fed and concentrate-fed sheep (P Ͻ 0.05). Forty proteins were upregulated and 20 proteins were downregulated in response to concentrate diet. After 6 wk of this diet, only 14 proteins were differentially expressed. Among these, 11 proteins were upregulated and 3 downregulated. To identify proteins that were modulated by dietary change, two-dimensional electrophoresis was coupled with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The differential expression of selected proteins, such as esterase D, annexin 5, peroxiredoxin 6, carbonic anhydrase I, and actin-related protein 3, was verified by immunoblotting and/or mRNA analysis. The identified proteins were mainly associated with functions related to cellular stress, metabolism, and differentiation. These results suggest new candidate proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the signaling pathways and mechanisms that mediate rumen epithelial adaptation to high-concentrate diet.proteomics; mRNA expression; protein markers; sheep RUMINANTS ARE OF MAJOR WORLDWIDE interest and economic importance because of increasing meat and milk production. A substantial improvement in the productivity and performance of ruminants can only be achieved with adequate dietary supplementation. When high-yielding cattle, milk sheep, or goats merely consume forage, the intake of energy and protein is too low for the desired rates of animal performance. Hence, supplementation of forage-fed ruminants with sufficient amounts of energy and protein is necessary and significantly improves milk production or daily weight gain (41), but, particularly, a surplus of easily fermented carbohydrates or low-fiber intake will place the animals at risk. Such a change in the diet is a challenge for rumen microbes (31) and especially for the ruminal epithelium with respect to adaptation to the new fermentation pattern (47,55). Insufficient adaptation to diet may result in disintegration of the epithelium (22), translocation of lipopolysaccharides (30), and disturbed transport mechanisms (22) and can further cause subacute ruminal acidosis (14, 49). This disease not only can lead to depressed feed intake and milk production, but can also be associated with laminitis, inflammation, and liver abscesses (14,42,49).Hence, one objective of attaining an adequate diet composition for ruminants is to maintain the physiological functions of the forestomach, such as optimal fe...

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The effects of physical form of feed, carbohydrate source, and inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on the diet selections of sheep.

Cited by 57 publications

References 37 publications

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Feeding behaviour and intake of heifers fed on hays of various quality, offered alone or in a choice situation

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in ruminal epithelium in response to a concentrate-supplemented diet

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